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This paper studies the elements of western culture in "English Time" language training books, based on Bourdieu's practice and field theory. The focus of this paper is language and language training books that can be considered as a field which transfers the dominant group's culture to language learners and forms their habituses. In this research, we aim at answering the following questions: What kind of cultural elements exist in English Time books? How can the effects of these cultural elements be managed and the negative effects neutralized? To find the answers for these questions, we first studied 4 editions of English Time books as well as their auxiliary training materials (CDs, …) and extracted the elements of western culture that are inconsistent with our national culture. Then we performed 6 deep interviews with the lecturers of English Time books to find their point of views about the western culture elements of these books. We analyzed their comments to find out how can the cultural effects of these books be managed on the language trainees. The solutions include explaining the cultural differences for students during training and also preparing international courses for English training. 

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Electoral participation, as an important form of political participation, is important in discussions of political sociology and sociology of elections. Modernization theory is one of the major theories to explain electoral participation. Part of the impact of modernization on political participation is done through education. This paper shows that the effect of education on electoral participation is more complex than it is emphasized that modernization theory. This article examines the educational development and electoral participation through critical review of other studies, secondary analysis and Sub-national comparative study. Looking at the overall statistics, the literacy rate of electoral participation between 1978 to 2005, there is a contrasting relationship that is inconsistent with the findings of other researchers. This article article is intended to report on this relationship. This analysis showed that nine presidential elections, despite the findings of other researchers, there is not a direct positive relationship between Literacy rates of electoral participation. Given the fact that our data were limited, efforts will be the seventh presidential election (1997) to be analyzed as a case study. Comparison showed in 1997 in the provinces of Iran, between electoral participation and the literacy rate, there is a contrasting relationship as an inverted U shape. Subgroup analysis showed that participation in elections directly related to education and electoral participation is more complex than the theories of modernization. The results showed a relationship between educational development and political participation is determined by the the type of literate people's jobs and their dependence on government.

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The influence of mass media and the internet on human societies have changed in information societies. Nowadays, the internet is a vital part of the present generation life. Because of the youth and adolescents increasing interest to use this phenomenon in different domains (science, entertainment, commercial affairs and interpersonal relations), its impact on various aspects of their life are considered in this paper. By this technology, the educational system also, has been able to take effective steps towards educational purposes. However, there were watchfully considerations towards using the internet by teenagers. Based on this fact, present study was conducted to measure the impact of the internet on education social goals realization. Afterward, by stratified random sampling method, 362 students were selected among Gorgan female high school students. Subsequently, a researcher-made questionnaire was conducted to collect data. T-test and Pearson-test findings were analyzed using SPSS software version 18. The results demonstrated no significant relation or correlation between the use of the internet and the education social goals realization (three components family relationships, social participations, primacy of communal interests over individual interests).

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در این مقاله سعی شده تا جایگاه زنان در برنامه چهارم توسعه بررسی و در مقایسه با سایر برنامه های پیشین مورد واکاوی قرار گیرد. در مرحله بعد، شاخص های توسعه در مدت زمان اجرای برنامه چهارم به کمک داده های ملی و بین المللی مورد مطالعه جنسیتی قرار گرفته تا چگونگی تحقق این برنامه در عمل مشخص شود. این پژوهش با استفاده از روش اسنادی، کتابخانه ای و روش تحلیل داده های مرتبط انجام شده است. اطلاعات در خصوص شاخص های توسعه عمدتا برگرفته از داده های انتشار یافته قابل دسترس مرکز آمار ایران، سازمان بهداشت جهانی، گزارش شکاف جنسیتی مجمع جهانی اقتصاد و نیز بانک جهانی است. مطالعه جنسیتی مفاد برنامه نشان می دهد درحالیکه نقطه تمایز برنامه چهارم توسعه نسبت به برنامه های پیشین، مبتنی بر ایجاد زمینه برای افزایش مشارکت اقتصادی، اجتماعی زنان است، واقعیت امر به گونه دیگری است. به عبارت دیگر اگر چه شاخص های بهداشت و سلامت و نیز آموزش، خصوصا آموزش عالی حکایت از بهبود وضعیت زنان دارد، شاخص های اقتصادی و نیز سیاسی نسبت به برنامه سوم توسعه و نیز انتظارات مندرج در برنامه چهارم، رشد مطلوبی نداشته است. این مهم، در کنار درک برخی استلزامات سیاستگزاری، ضرورت اتخاذ رویکردی استراتژیک در برنامه های کلان معطوف به زنان را برجسته می سازد.

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Social capital is one of the important capabilities and properties of organization which could help it in knowledge share and creation and by providing proper field, would equip human resources to organizational entrepreneurship's knowledge and skill, and could be one of the effective alternatives in personnel performance promotion, so the main aim of this study was to examine the effect of social capital on organizational entrepreneurship in Babol's Education & Training Office. Social statistics were 780 persons of teachers of babol's guidance schools which 250 persons were selected as sample statistics by Morgan table. Designed questionnaire after confirming validity by experts and reliability by %88 alpha cronbakh were distributed. Results of regression tests indicated that there was a significant relationship between social capital and organizational entrepreneurship in Babol's Education & Training Office. Also there is a significant relationship between two dimensions of social capital such as the quality and structure of social capital and organizational entrepreneurship in Babol's Education & Training Office. The result of Spearman correlation tests also showed that there were significant relationships between trust and relations in quality of social capital and between variables in structure of social capital such as size and extension of relation network, relations structure and social solidarity with organizational entrepreneurship. Finally it was concluded that strong and rich structure of social capital could lead to reinforce organizational entrepreneurship in  Education & Training Office

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This article primarily aims to present research-based evidence to examine the main gender characteristics associated with socialization. It focuses on three aspects of socialization: gender socialization, religious socialization, and national socialization. Using the symbolic interaction theory and the socialization theory, this article particularly explores the construction and representation of gender identity through Iran’s educational system. According to the findings of this study, the dominance of male gender is the key pattern and a visible observation which applies to all aspects of socialization considered in this analysis. This provides further research-based evidence to support the existing knowledge in which the masculine hegemony is taken for granted in the society and economy, a principal pattern that is also internalized and transformed through educational media from generation to generation. 

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After the 1979 Revolution, women in the field of public and higher education achieved substantial improvement. However, employment statistics show that their economic participation has not changed much compared to the pre-revolution era. While considering the mission of higher education, the objective of this article is trying to understand this gap and to seek ways of reducing it. The research method is based on the study of the gap through documents and interviews with educated or working women and professionals. The study concludes by stressing on the most important reasons of this disparity which could be: little transfer of skills when entering the labor market, weak professional identity among girls, as well as structural discrimination based on gender division of labor in society.

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Social and political life of human society depends on the cooperation and participation of its members. It will be built through public contributions and education as a social system requires the participation and cooperation of all the people. The system can process without the effective participation of people in different aspects of their education as well as practical. This research is descriptive and to investigate the reasons for people's participation and contribution in the development of educational space is Mazandaran province. The sample of 143 participants from all donors school design and construction managers, officers and experts associated with the school activities in the province were in 1392. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The statistics in this study, the frequency table, frequency, and charting and analytical in order to use data from the sample and identify significant statistical differences between the views, binomial test and Friedman Used. The results show that for economic reasons, social, cultural participation and cooperation of the people in order to develop effective educational space, but the results were indicative of the priority ranking of the cultural, social and economic participation.

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The present paper aims to examine developing market orientation constraints and opportunities in Iranian higher education. In doing so, mix method was applied. A purposive sample of 10 informants consisting of higher education and marketing experts and deans was selected. After the implementation of interviews, to analyze data, open, axial, and selective coding system was applied. The initial questionnaire was designed, in order to validate components and Based on the findings of qualitative research phase. After verifying the reliability and validity, was conducted on the sample of 120 non-governmental deans of higher education institutions. A quantitative validation component was performed using the software PLS by factor analysis. And eventually, components were ranked using the Friedman test. Results show higher education market orientation constraints in order include economic constraints, institutional, administrative, educational, political, cultural and social; and Opportunities in order include internal efficiency, economic, educational and public. 

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Educational and cultural services in different regions of Iran have been distributed unequally in such a way that Yazd province has the most and Sistan and Baluchistan province has the least amount of educational and cultural services in national level. Therefore, the present study has been conducted with this objective to identify factors affecting the development of mentioned services, determine the centralism levels of the provinces and predict factors affecting the improvement of the status quo. The method employed in this research is descriptive-analytical which was conducted using models of factor analysis, concentration coefficient, educational services and cultural development indicator (ECDI) and multivariate regression. The findings of the present study indicate that from 64 primary indicators, 49 selective indicators having reduced into 5 significant factors and in sum determine 65.48 percent of the population variance, are effective on the development of educational and cultural services of Iran. In terms of development of desired services, 9 provinces are located in supra-developmental levels, 10 provinces in upper semi-developed level, 4 provinces in lower semi-developed level and 7 provinces in lower-developed level. To reduces the imbalance and inequality among the regions, multivariate regression predicts the proportion of the factor "educational-administrative and student personnel" more than other factors.

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امروزه مباحث اخلاق علم و پایبندی به هنجارهای علمی به عنوان مهم­ترین رکن جامعه­پذیری دانشگاهی مورد توجه اندیشمندان و صاحب­نظران قرار گرفته است. با توجه به اهمیت اخلاق و هنجارهای علمی در جامعه دانشگاهی، در این مطالعه به بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر میزان پایبندی به هنجارهای علم پرداخته شده است. این پژوهش از نوع  پیمایش بوده و داده­های تحقیق با استفاده از تکنیک پرسشنامه جمع­آوری گردیده است. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه دانشجویان تحصیلات تکمیلی دانشگاه کاشان می­باشد که بر اساس طبقه­بندی بیگلان 141 نفر به عنوان حجم نمونه تعیین و به روش تصادفی انتخاب و بررسی شده­اند.

بر اساس یافته­های پژوهش،  انگیزش و انرژی عاطفی با 49 درصد اثرگذاری کل در رتبه اول، ساختار گروه آموزشی با43 درصد اثر غیرمستقیم در رتبه دوم، جو گروه آموزشی با 40 درصد اثرگذاری غیرمستقیم در رتبه سوم و متغیرهای ارتباطات و تعاملات علمی، هنجارمندی گروه و نگرش به استاد راهنما به ترتیب با 10، 3 و 2 درصد اثرگذاری در رتبه­های بعدی قرار دارند. بر اساس مدل مفهومی پژوهش تنها متغیر انگیزش و انرژی عاطفی به صورت مستقیم بر پایبندی به اخلاق علم با حجم اثر (0.325=F² ) اثرگذار می­باشد.

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Studies have shown that most of the existing problems in the water sector are the outcomes of unsustainable methods of development caused by unawareness and lack of public training. Researchers have found that the social systems and mechanisms affecting water cycle are beyond the scope of water management and that the issue of water crisis must be addressed in the frame of social entities and systems, which are known as the water governance. The objective of this study is to identify the criteria and indicators of sustainable governance and to prepare an appropriate training program towards its realization. The tool for evaluation was a questionnaire and the research methodology was of descriptive survey. The validity of the indicators was established by taking into account the views and comments of relevant scholars and experts, and the reliability of the indicators was calculated as 0.869 using the Cronbach’s alpha formula. All criteria and indicators were graded in the fuzzy environment using the relevant software. The results show the criterion of public participation to be more sustainable than other governance criteria, while the indicators of training scored higher than others. Since the realization of sustainable governance becomes facilitated by increasing public awareness about the importance of environmental issues, the research proposes an appropriate training model to increase public participation.

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The present paper aims to explore mechanisms for marketing in non-profit higher education institutions. In doing so, mix method design was applied. A purposive sample of 10 informants was selected. Findings were organized under mechanisms for marketing development in higher education. Based on qualitative findings, an initial questionnaire was designed. After ensuring its reliability and validity, we administered it with a sample of 120 non-profit deans of higher education institutions. Using PLS, first and second order factor analysis was used to validate the proposed model. Results are presented as follows: The components segmentation: geographical factors, demand behavior (behavior), demographic and psychological; the choice of target market part: components absorbers and market success factors in each section; in the mechanism of positioning: focus on customer perception ,emphasizing the competitive advantage and an emphasis on basic resources; and in mix marketing mechanism part: process, physical evidence, product (educational program), personnel, promotions and pricing were Confirmed.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the social phenomenon of bullying among faculty members. In this way, various aspects of these issues were tried and presented with respect to the context of the institution of university in Iran. The present study was conducted within the framework of the qualitative approach and using the fundamental theory research method (with a Strauss and Corbin system look). For data collection, informative media, in-depth interviews and informal interviews were used. Selection of information media of the research was done purposefully and using sampling strategies with maximum variation and theoretical sampling. The research media included 32 faculty members  of comprehensive universities in Tehran. Data analysis was performed in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding.. According to the findings, the phenomenon of bullying in faculty members' relations in Iran's higher education has verbal, physical, or psychological and social dimensions(Phenomena). This phenomenon has arisen due to organizational and individual circumstances(Causal Conditions) and resulted in reactions such as avoidance, conflict, acceptance(Strategy). These reactions have been affected by the responses of the authorities, the persistence and common beliefs (intervening conditions), structure and academic culture (context), resulting in occupational, personal, social and economic vulnerability(Consequences)
 

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The purpose of this study is to reflection the social agency of female students in the course of socio-cultural transformation in the society, was designed in the interpretiveism paradigm and qualitative approach using phenomenological method. The data collection tool was a deep, unstructured interview. Participants included 60 faculty members, Social activists, and female students from four provinces of Gilan, Qom, Kurdistan and Sistan and Baluchestan selected by targeted strategies and sample with maximum diversity. Data were analyzed based on a seven-step Colaizzi's strategy and the obtained classes. The findings show that although some contributors "the damage caused by women's academic education" in areas such as " Lack of work for men "," delayed marriage "," full-time female out-of-home employment "," increased moral scrutiny "and even" serious divorce ", but they still believe that changes in the field of women and social change It depends on the increase of women's social empowerment, the point Haye is turning to the consequences of increasing access to higher education in the country, "the transformation of beliefs," "the new style of life for women," "the erosion of gender stereotypes," "understanding the new identity for girls," and "increasing the sense of empowerment" of these transformations.
 

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Advances in information technology have led to greater use by individuals as students have the best opportunity in school to learn science with their peers, so the education systemchr('39')s media literacy training for this group, especially courses Primary plays a special role in terms of effectiveness and institutionalization in society.
Thus, due to the importance of media literacy for children also due to the lack of research vacancy in this field, the topic of "Investigating how to teach media literacy to elementary students" was explored in this study.
The research method was qualitative research using content analysis technique and SWOT matrix data. The research findings showed how to teach media literacy to elementary students; For media literacy), the education system should also be identified using new educational methods, educational technologies, the use of social networks, the formation of workshops, the participation of students in discussion and discussion of media criticism and other factors identified. , The nature of media and the need for literacy learning Induce students with students

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Purpose of the present study is empowerment of schools with emphasis on social care system of students to present a model. The research method was mixed (qualitative - quantitative), in qualitative part grounded theory was used and descriptive-survey method was used in quantitative part. participants in the qualitative section included all those responsible the plan, specialists and experts in educational sciences, Sociology Psychology, Social Sciences and in quantitative part included all of the teachers in Area One of Sari and Neka provinces to count of 4171. Sampling method in qualitative part was Purposeful sampling and in quantitative art was Stratified random that 386 were selected as the sample population for study.The data collection tool in qualitative section was a semi-structured interview and in quantitative section was a researcher-made questionnaire derived from interviews. Data analysis was performed in qualitative part using coding and in quantitative part of structural modeling in PLS software. The results showed that the school empowerment model with emphasized social care system including the central component of the development of social care system management(Emotional, cognitive and behavioral),affective factors (internal factors and processes), contextual factors(processes and infrastructure),interventions(decreasing and incremental), strategies. (Predictive and Executable) and Consequences (External, Inter-System, Individual).

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between sustainable tourism development and improvement of social welfare indices based on structural equation analysis. Based on the new theoretical approaches, some hypotheses have been developed that this research is descriptive and correlational. The population of the study consisted of all the inhabitants of the villages of Koohrang city with 5 persons. Researcher-made questionnaires (using existing theoretical background) on tourism development, social welfare were used as research tools. Statistical analysis was performed based on structural equation using Spss and Amos software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between tourism development and social, economic, legal, educational, demographic and social dimensions of social welfare. Also the regression values of the structural model indicate that the variable of rural tourism development among the social welfare dimensions has the most effect on the social dimension (ß=0.42) and then on the demographic dimension (ß=0.40) and economic dimension (ß=0.34) respectively.  legal dimension (V=0.28), biological dimension (ß=0.27) and least impact on educational welfare dimension (ß=0.24).