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This paper studies the elements of western culture in "English Time" language training books, based on Bourdieu's practice and field theory. The focus of this paper is language and language training books that can be considered as a field which transfers the dominant group's culture to language learners and forms their habituses. In this research, we aim at answering the following questions: What kind of cultural elements exist in English Time books? How can the effects of these cultural elements be managed and the negative effects neutralized? To find the answers for these questions, we first studied 4 editions of English Time books as well as their auxiliary training materials (CDs, …) and extracted the elements of western culture that are inconsistent with our national culture. Then we performed 6 deep interviews with the lecturers of English Time books to find their point of views about the western culture elements of these books. We analyzed their comments to find out how can the cultural effects of these books be managed on the language trainees. The solutions include explaining the cultural differences for students during training and also preparing international courses for English training. 

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The current paper compared the role of teleshopping commercials of two TV channels on buying the advertised products among women of Tehran as the addressees of the commercials. The TV channels studied were Bazaar which was a national and governmental channel, and GEM TV which was a universal and non-governmental channel. This study was carried out in the form of a survey using questionnaires. The population of the sample was calculated to be 400 people. Subjects were chosen using snowball sampling. Collected data using questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS. The analysis showed that buying teleshopping products was not significant. Despite this fact, the possibility of a correlation between individual differences, and stimulating variables and teleshopping exposure, impulse buying urge, and buying was confirmed. On the other hand, despite the the study hypotheses, it was shown that money available did not influence on teleshopping exposure, and impulse buying urge. Moreover, results showed that regarding buying the advertised products and attitudes to teleshopping, there was no significant difference between Bazaar TV and GEM TV.

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The rise of various religiosity and new religious identities from one hand and the prevalence of modern life styles in Iran from the other hand are due to common modern lifestyles. However, much research show that religion still plays a significant and effective role in directing lifestyles. This situation requires studying the role of religious beliefs on resisting the consumerist modern culture and understanding the relationship between religious identity and modern life styles. This research has been done among Tonkabonian women and tried to investigate the acceptance or resistance of these women against the consumerist culture or its combination with the religious culture which ever advises moderate consumption. The women studied in this research have purposively been chosen from the married ones of Tonekabon city and categorized in four types based on the amount of religiosity and employment. The research findings show some relationships between religiosity and lifestyles among them, that is, the religiosity affects accepting or resisting modern lifestyle and its components (leisure activities, mode of shopping and consumption, and the kind of social communications). It means that the more religious women were the less they followed modern lifestyle. Moreover the comparison between the religious working and non-working women shows that the employment made no difference in their approaches to mode lifestyle and consumption but in either of them, religious attitudes have had more influence on their everyday lifestyle. The findings also indicate that working women lifestyles differ from nonworking women. The working women often spend their leisure outside of home with previous planning in a more favorable and useful way, division of housework in their home is more participatory and most of them consider both applied and aesthetic criteria for shopping.

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As the most important channel of political communication, mass media can play sensitive and determinant role in political participation. So by the way, doing scientific research about the role of mass media in political participation is very important and have enough necessary. With respect to it, the goal of the study was to identify the relationship between mass media usage and political participation. Based on the opinions of Lerner, implant, Replacement, Mobilization. Research method is survey method; hence 407 citizens with over 19 years old were selected and studied using random sampling. Research – made questionnaire was used to collected data which its validity was approved using nominal validity and its reliability using Cranach' alpha. The results indicated that there is a significant relationship between usage level of TV, press and non – textbook with the level of political participation. It also showed that there are significant different between gender and political participation, where as the measure of male political participation is higher than female 

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In this article, we examine audiences’ interaction with news media.  The main question is what the status of news and news media is in the everyday life of the audiences. For this purpose, using semi-structured interview method, 29 individual and group interviews with 54 Tehran citizens from different age and sex groups were conducted.
 Results show that the news presence in the audiences’ everyday life is ritual. The experience of news absence makes this rituality more apparent. Interviewees simultaneously confront with news from both domestic and foreign news televisions (which are contained established official discourse in Iran and rival discourses) because of five specific reasons and uses: access to the reality of an event, access to knowledge about rival discourse, coercion and monopoly, trust on news of domestic and foreign televisions, attraction and professionalism. In addition, the pattern of news consumption among Tehranian audiences can be categorized into five levels: weak, medium, strong (discrete - purposive, continuous, non-purposive, and continuous- purposive). Moreover the level of trust on media among people who have a strong relationship with the media is low due to the variety of available discourses.

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The statistical population of this study is all farmers in Garmsar County, which according to the statistics of the Agricultural Department, the number of them is 5675 people. Of these, 366 people were selected randomly according to the Cochran formula, and information were gathered through a researcher-made questionnaire. The research method is quantitative and we have tried to use the multivariate modeling of structural equation to test the model derived from the theoretical framework of the research. The theoretical framework of research is the theory of peasant subculture and Bourdieu's theory of cultural, social and economic capital types. The findings show that experimental data support the theoretical model based on different types of processing indicators. Also, the assumptions that indicate a meaningful relationship between different types of capital and peasant subculture were confirmed, and those that emphasized the existence of a meaningful relationship between different types of capital and the attitude towards water use in agriculture were rejected. There is also a significant relationship between peasant subculture and the attitude towards water use in agriculture. According to the final result, various types of economic, cultural and social capital indirectly affect the attitude toward water use through the peasant subculture variables.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate social factors affecting environmental behavior among citizens of Gorgan city. This descriptive-analytic study was done by cross sectional survey on 400 citizens of Gorgan city in 1396. The standard information collection tool is standard. A multi-stage random sampling method was used for sampling. The collected data were analyzed by parametric test (T-test), variance analysis and correlation test. The results of the study indicate that there is a relationship between age and environmental behavior, but there is no relationship between sex and marital status with environmental behavior. Also, according to the research findings, there is a relationship between the economic beneficiary, media consumption and social trust of citizens of Gorgan city with environmental behavior.

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The taste and fashion for Bourdieu is an obvious and simple thing in the nature of modern society, and can be understood by the social hierarchy of society. one of the most important factors in this research is that there are several factors in this research to be part of it in terms of globalization in the culture sphere. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship of cultural globalization and consumption tastes in the  thirty-year-old generation (the decades of 1350 to 1370 AD) in the city Shiraz. Data from the survey on 425 women and men gathered and analyzed have been exposed. The results show that cultural globalization has had a great influence on the consumption tastes of this generation; Among the variables of cultural globalization, individualism (32.6), ICT (6.5) and Reflexivity (2.8) significant relationship with the dependent variable respectively, Which together could explain about 42% of respondents' tastes; This number tells us that 42% of  respondents' tastes variations are affected by the variables of globalization.