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The present paper aims to explore mechanisms for marketing in non-profit higher education institutions. In doing so, mix method design was applied. A purposive sample of 10 informants was selected. Findings were organized under mechanisms for marketing development in higher education. Based on qualitative findings, an initial questionnaire was designed. After ensuring its reliability and validity, we administered it with a sample of 120 non-profit deans of higher education institutions. Using PLS, first and second order factor analysis was used to validate the proposed model. Results are presented as follows: The components segmentation: geographical factors, demand behavior (behavior), demographic and psychological; the choice of target market part: components absorbers and market success factors in each section; in the mechanism of positioning: focus on customer perception ,emphasizing the competitive advantage and an emphasis on basic resources; and in mix marketing mechanism part: process, physical evidence, product (educational program), personnel, promotions and pricing were Confirmed.

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This paper is dedicated to understanding and studying tourists’ experiences and  expectations  of  Aliabad,  in  Bafq  of  Yazd  Province,  as  well  as  the  satisfaction  level and factors involved. It features a desert tour site in the close proximity of  Sadeqabad  Village,  receiving  many  guests  in  the  autumn  and  winter.  The  research employed a descriptive-analytical methodology for surveying, in which  the  data  were  collected  by means of questionnaires and sampled by Cochran’s  techniques  in  relation  to  the  substantial  statistical  profile.  So, the research data  of  the  final  256  selected  people  were  analyzed  by  the  dependent  t-test  and  regression testing on SPSS. Findings suggest that visitors had a better experience of the attraction  and social factors than what they had expected, further proved by the significant  gap  between  the  expectations  and the experiences of the case site, while it was  low  with  the  facilities  and  service  and  economic  factors  when  considering  their  expectation.  Therefore,  the  significance  of  the  statistical  difference  between  the  experience  and  the  expectation  levels  was  confirmed.  Taking the experience factor into account

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The aim of this research is Survey of the social factors influenced at the tendency of citizens to street violence (case study: the city of Urmia).In the present study, The most important applied theories include social disorganization theory of Shaw and McKay, Bandura's social learning, Yuval Davis, Gessen (victimization), Durkheim's anomie, social control Hirsch. The research methodology is a survey method. Urmia citizens’ are as statistical population of this research that 428 citizenship of them, selected as sample bye two steps clusters sampling . In order to collect data, researcher-made questionnaire have been used. The reliability of questionnaire has been estimated in selection as 0.85. And for the validity of construct validity was used. In order to analyze data Pearson correlation and step wise regression were applied . The main results include that there is a significant and direct and positive relation between street violence with Fading of religious beliefs, decline of morality in popular culture, Lack of ethics in relations between authorities, Lack of proper execution of laws by responsible organizations, Non-observance of traffic norms, Drawing attention, Victimization, Loss of social capital, ethnicity. Result of Stepwise regression analysis showed that citezens’  street violence is more under effect of Victimization.

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The purpose of this study was to examine and identify component affecting the development of social competence in organizational communication as well as determine the quality of interaction between these components by using interpretive structural modeling method from the perspective of academic experts. This research is an applied and developmental as well as quantitative and qualitative. Statistical sample is 15 people of academic experts who were selected using snowball sampling. The data collection tool is a researcher made matrix questionnaire. The results showed important components that effective on development of social competence are Social knowledge, motivation, perception, inference, adaptation, and influence, as well as verbal and nonverbal skills, and; that using interpretive structural modeling was placed at five different levels of interaction. Also, The Results showed that Social knowledge, motivation, perception, and inference had more effective than other components on development of social competencies. According to the results, we can say that the components of social competencies at different levels have effect together, and changes in the quality of each component cause changes in quality of other components at same level as well as the next level, and in turn cause changes in the quality of the organizational communication.

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افزایش سواد رسانه‌ای مخاطب عاملی است که مخاطب و رابطۀ مخاطب با رسانه را برای همیشه دگرگون می‌کند و در نتیجه رسانه نیز باید برای ادامۀ نیل به اهداف و انجام مأموریت‌های خود دگرگون گردد. پس از انتخاب سازمان صداوسیما به‌عنوان رسانۀ موردنظر در این پژوهش و شناسایی چالش‌های افزایش سواد رسانه‌ای مخاطبان برای سازمان صداوسیما (تحول در مخاطب و رابطۀ مخاطب با رسانه)، راهبردهای تحولی برای سازمان صداوسیما متناسب با افزایش سواد رسانه‌ای مخاطبان شناسایی شد. در این پژوهش از روش مصاحبۀ عمیق بهره گرفته شد. پژوهشگر با در اختیار قرار دادن «چالش‌های افزایش سواد رسانه‌ای مخاطبان برای سازمان صداوسیما» از مصاحبه‌شونده‌ها درخواست کرد تا راهبردهای خود برای تحول در سازمان صداوسیما متناسب با افزایش سواد رسانه‌ای مخاطبان بیان کنند. پس از انجام 15 مصاحبه و کدگذاری یافته‌ها 95 راهبرد برای تحول سازمان صداوسیما به دست آمد که در 17 بخش با عناوین: اعتماد مخاطب و بی‌طرفی رسانه، مخاطب پژوهی، تکثر تنوع و چندصدایی در رسانۀ ملی، اقناع مخاطبان، درآمدزایی و کاهش هزینه‌ها، محصولات نمایشی، نیروی انسانی، فضای مجازی و رسانه‌های اجتماعی، سیاست‌گذاری، رقبا، مطالعات آینده‌پژوهی، محتوای تولیدشده توسط مخاطب، آسیب‌شناسی و اثر سنجی، مزیت رقابتی، نخبگان، برنامه‌ریزی پخش و سرعت طبقه‌بندی شدند.

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این تحقیق به بررسی ارتباط بین شبکه اجتماعی با دو نوع مشارکت سیاسی منفعلانه و فعالانه بر اساس مدل­ میانجی­ای می پردازد که در آن بحث سیاسی، اثربخشی سیاسی و فرهنگ سیاسی به عنوان متغیرهای میانجی درنظر گرفته شده­اند. جامعه مورد بررسی کلیه دانشجویان دانشگاه اصفهان می باشدکه از طریق روش نمونه گیری سهمیه­ای به تعداد 390 نفر انتخاب شدند. با تقسیم مشارکت سیاسی به دو نوع منفعلانه و فعالانه نتایج نشان داد در حالیکه مدت زمان عضویت در شبکه­های اجتماعی تاثیر منفی­ای بر روی بحث سیاسی و اثربخشی سیاسی می­گذارند، اما عمیق شدن فعالیت در شبکه­های اجتماعی و واقعی تلقی کردن محتوای شبکه­های اجتماعی با ایجاد تاثیرات مثبت بر روی افزایش بحث سیاسی، اثربخشی سیاسی و فرهنگ سیاسی باعث بهبود وضعیت مشارکت سیاسی فعالانه در جامعه می­شود. اما یافته­ها نشان می­دهد که مدل نظری پژوهش در مورد مشارکت منفعلانه(رای دادن در انتخابات) تایید نمی­شود.

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The governance is an approach that it is for participation of village people and making decision of them about plans and administrative and developmental planning for village people. If the presented experimental research and theories is a compound of rule, social capital is very important. On the other hand, social capital is a useful field of achieving a management and rule in order to unify and secured social life. The aim of this study is the investigating into the effects of social capital in rural governance (Ardabil villagers). The performance method of this study was descriptive- survey and the required information were collected by library and field (questionnaire method). Statistical society of this study were residents above 15 years old of Ardabil villages that they were 123264 people and there has been used from Cochran formulate for measuring the volume of statistical sample and sample volume were selected 383 people. There has been analyzed data by using SPSS software. The results showed that although there is a significant relationship between various dimensions of social capital in village governance, but there are multiple regressions.

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This paper is an attempt to suggest an alternative theoretical apparatus for sociological analysis of modernity in Iran. The sociological analysis of modernity in Iran often has based on presuppositions of classical sociology and Modernization theory. The evolutional approach of these theories prevents the achievement of adequate explanations for modernity in Iran. Multiple Modernities approach has presented an analytical framework for crossing the limits of Modernization theory in the analysis of modernity, but also this approach suffers from some ambiguities and shortcomings: scrutiny of S. N. Eisenstadt’s theory of Multiple Modernities shows his ignorance of the impact of imperialism, colonialism and otherness processes in the extension of modernity from European countries to other parts of the world. The role of creative agency in the development of modernity in non-western societies is also underestimated in his work. Another problem in his theory is related to the level and the units of analysis. Regarding above issues, this paper tries to move forward from the theory of Multiple Modernities and suggests a multi-level theoretical apparatus for the analysis of modernity in Iran. This theoretical apparatus analyzes modernity in five levels contains world system, colonial confrontation, societal modernity, modern social movements and modern agency.​

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In this article, we examine audiences’ interaction with news media.  The main question is what the status of news and news media is in the everyday life of the audiences. For this purpose, using semi-structured interview method, 29 individual and group interviews with 54 Tehran citizens from different age and sex groups were conducted.
 Results show that the news presence in the audiences’ everyday life is ritual. The experience of news absence makes this rituality more apparent. Interviewees simultaneously confront with news from both domestic and foreign news televisions (which are contained established official discourse in Iran and rival discourses) because of five specific reasons and uses: access to the reality of an event, access to knowledge about rival discourse, coercion and monopoly, trust on news of domestic and foreign televisions, attraction and professionalism. In addition, the pattern of news consumption among Tehranian audiences can be categorized into five levels: weak, medium, strong (discrete - purposive, continuous, non-purposive, and continuous- purposive). Moreover the level of trust on media among people who have a strong relationship with the media is low due to the variety of available discourses.

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the main purpose of this research is identifing the most important factors influencing urban poverty and provides guidelines for the release of this problem and improves and empowers the residents of slums. The research method is analytical – descriptive with emphasis on pratical and survey method. According to the evaluation and analysis of VIKOR model which rank to the factors of poverty, Many factors (physical, economic, social, cultural, environmental) are at inappropriate level. In Evaluation of urban poverty, physical indicators with an average (0.166) at top priority, economical indicators with an average (0.327) at second priority, social- cultural indicators with an average (0.398) at third priority and environmental indicators with an average (0.570) at forth priority. Spatial patterns of poverty in the city of Khorramabad based on results of studies has a diffused pattern which recently has been oriented to cluster and centralized pattern. The correlation between social classes and Residential problematic tissue areas in distressed areas of Khorramabad shows that the lower classes and low income people is mainly living in the distressed areas in city that decade by decade dragged to the south and the margin of town.

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  this article
studies the use of cultural spaces in Tehran. Cultural spaces in Tehran have seen changes in parallel with other city spaces over the past two decades that
In this paper, we tried to address the features of the new spaces.These changes are physical, content and functional.The two campuses of cinematic Azadi and Mellat are the subject of this study.This research is in a qualitative way and by Using the two tools of interview and observation.

In the same vein, Henry Lefebvre's French philosopher and sociologist (1901-1991) have been used to analyze the findings.
 

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 Evaluation of Application of Institutional Anomie Theory in Iran
This research studies the consequences of changes in the mechanisms of society and especially social institutions that have been affected by the trends of social change such as modernization, industrialization, urbanization, bureaucratization and etcetra in Iran. One of these consequences that was investigated in this article is the institutional anomie. In this research, institutional anomie in Iran have been analized with a historical approach and using of secondary analysis of data, mainly secondary historical documents and researches on development programs and social pathology as well as some national surveys in Iran, and comparison with concepts of institutional anomie theory and has been shown its incorporate. The results indicate the growth of individualism, materialism, the erosion of social capital, the domination of the institutions of politics and economics on the institutional balance of power and the institutional imbalance in Iran.

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Introduction: Drying away has threatened Urmia Lake in recent years. Fading away of this lake can negatively affect the nature, economy, population structure and, all aspects of the region in general. Meanwhile, beside the natural cuases, all inhabitants around the Urmia lake have affection in shrinking of this lake and on the other side, will be affected by collapsing of this lake.So, this research has done to findout the effective sociological factors in relatedness with nature of Urmia lake between citizens of Urmia city.
Methodology: The method of this research is survey. Population consists of all Urmia citizens with the age of 15 and older than that. 384 people were selected through Cochran formula as sample. Random sampling selected as the method for sampling and a standard questionnaire used in gathering data. Spss software used in analyzing data.
Conclusion: The resuls shows that: relatedness with Urmia Lake is related with age, social capital and its subtypes. Also, results of regression analysis showed that independent variables can provide 24 percent of the relatedness with Urmia Lake.
Key words: Nature Relatedness, Urmia Lake, Social Capital, Citizenship Rights, Media.
 

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One of the approaches of sociology is <>. It has been noticed in other sciences too, communication is the base of this approach. It is named as a capital beside the other capitals( human, secular, physical and …). Its principle components are normativism, trust, and comm::::union::::. The concepts of social capital can be found in old thinker's opinions; amongst Sa'di who was acquainted whit his time communities life because of several journeys. Golestan as a moral_ educational oeuvre is reporter of real society of Sa'di. This paper has checked the comm::::union:::: component in Sa'di's Golestan predicatively with qualitative and quantitative content analysis and has shown that, of the of the comm::::union:::: indices, social comm::::union:::: has had the highest frequency and in terms of comm::::union:::: type, tool comm::::union:::: in which there is the personal incitation footmarks and taking the gain, has the most frequency. The comm::::union:::: based on job repartition is in the secondary position and bound comm::::union:::: in which there is expectance of mutual help is the third kind of comm::::union::::. The frequency of these comm::::union::::s regarding Saljukian, Ghaznavian, and Muguls' post invasion realities which is the moral and secular demolition world of Iraian social life is natural

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The research instrument is questionnaire. This questionnaire is composed of 36 indicators in three categories of variables economy, culture and environment. To ensure validity, the questionnaire was placed at the disposal of experts to evaluate the reliability of the results was 903. Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal Data analysis have done by using SPSS and AMOS software. Single sample T-test has been used for examining the research hypotheses and Freedman test has been applied for ranking the effects of development of ecotourism. The results showed that between the economic, cultural, environmental, the most important dimension is economic, cultural and environment are in their next orders. According to the results of T-test, average number of respondents to the effect of tours on economic variable is significantly higher than the average number of this component. Hence, the hypothesis is confirmed and it can be inferred that ecotourism tours have affected economic of Damavand. In investigation of the effect of   social and cultural variables, the results of the test demonstrate effectiveness of ecotourism tours on the studied region and finally the results about environmental effects has confirmed this effectiveness.

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One of the important issues that matters to charities is the issue of loyalty and continued assistance to former charities and the entry of more people into these cases. Investing in charity loyalty is an effective investment for charity organizations. For this purpose, this article aims to identify and rank effective indicators on the loyalty of the benefactors. For this purpose, by first reviewing the literature and a survey of managers of these experienced institutions and experienced charities, the indicators of loyalty of the charities and then the Fuzzy Delphi method are identified as important indicators and then the impact of the indicators together with the structural method of interpretation, one of the methods Research in soft operations is measured. After analyzing the data of this research, factors affecting the level of loyalty of charities in charities were identified. The results showed that all factors of trust in charity, spiritual orientation, continuous advertising, expectation matching, empathy, social responsibility and charity history have a direct and significant relationship with the loyalty of the benefactors.

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The aim of this study was to investigate upgrading rural to urban areas and its effects on social development indicators the Sistan Region. A causal-comparative research method was used for this purpose. Research instrument was a pre- structured questionnaire. The research population consisted of 2,851 households from different districts of Sistan Region which a sample of 333 heads of households obtained through stratified random sampling technique. The validity of the questionnaire was verified using face validity procedure and its reliability was also calculated between 0.81 and 0.91 using Chronbach's Alpha Internal Consistency Coefficient. Moreover, some analysis techniques such as paired t- test, independent t- test and covariance were used to analyze data. The results showed that social development indicators have declined during the last five years in both rural and urban areas. Furthermore, there was no positive and significant relationship between upgrading rural to urban areas in one hand and promoting social development indicators in the other hand.

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With the development of human societies and the promotion of human social needs for a better life and also restriction of residential space for doing some of them, necessity to participate in  Communal spaces For doing some human activities is utmost important. Cultural centers provide fertile ground for developing social sustainability, because of having informal spaces and programs along with other functions. The aim of this paper is Understanding social sustainability indicators in contemporary cultural centers and presenting analysis Models of this indicators. The studied population in this study is Cultural centers of Tehran that 5 of them were selected in targeted sampling form. The Research Methodology that used in this study is based on practical purpose and have Descriptive - Analysis nature. Information collected in the two documents as well as library studies and field observations have been made.and also for evaluating and prioritizing presented indicators in analytical model, Network analysis (ANP) was used. Results revealed that among the main criteria obtained from investigation, “The mental environmental component” And "objective environmental components" have most importance in achieving social sustainability in cultural centers.

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The main objective of this study was to assess health literacy-promoting lifestyles of health and environmental behavior of employees is Payam Noor university. This study is practical and descriptive, correlational to collect information from both library and field is used to test the hypothesis population of employees Payam Noor university Bojnoord considered that the 100 is VAZ all numerical method is used. Research instruments were Packer et al (2001) with Cronbach's alpha coefficient /.89 And health promoting lifestyle Walker and colleagues (1987), with Cronbach's alpha coefficient/. 82. Environmental behavior Heidari (1394) with alpha /.87 All times Type face and content validity was approved by the professors was a experts. Results in two parts: descriptive statistics such as frequency tables, mean and standard deviation and inferential been set regression To test the hypotheses, Pearson correlation coefficient was used for the data analysis software.  SPSS version 20 Ast . The findings show that between literacy and health promoting lifestyles of health and environmental behavior there is a significant positive relation. Health literacy important role in health promotion staff apartments available to improve the health literacy of individuals can take steps to strengthen environmental health behaviors and behavior.

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Introduction: Fundamental Reform Document of Education is one of the valid documents to show the socialization process of students, so it should pay attention, with no reduction, to science and religion aspects. According to this point the main question of the research is what's the discoursive position of the mentioned document in encountering science and religion?
Method: Since this study is documentary and based on analyzing text, it's done by using discourse analysis method, evolution assertion analysis, and qualitative content analysis. Its reliability is achieved through editing the categories by experts. Interpeting the data is based on the researcher's deduction and their compatibility with sociology of science theories.
Results: The fundamental evolution document used marked words and value metaphors in introducing the ideals, goals, plans and methods of promoting science, in contrast to the language of science which has changed scientific discourse into religious discourse.
Discussion: The fundamental evolution document recognized that the science learning process was based on the old methods of producing knowledge and the deficit model, and has not paid much attention to new ways of producing knowledge (Gibbons’ theory) and networking. The empty signifier of the fundamental evolution document is the "enculturational model" and "tacit knowledge".