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Usually young generation in traditional cities grappling with several issues. Attractions modern life and the limitations of traditional life in limbo tendency to treat them with the new and traditional.In this regard, this article seeks to explore the issue of what factors influence students towards new behaviors among high school girls in Meybod. Research method was survey and Data collected by a questionnaire. The population of research were female high school students of Iran, Meybod in 2014-2015 academic year. Number of 384 students according to Cochran’s formula using  Random Stratified Sampling were chosen. Research instrument was approved by content validity and Cronbach’s alpha was used to evaluate the reability. tendency toward modern behaviors Has Measured in Four dimension(Tend toModernleisure activities,Tend toManagementbody, Tend toModernverbalbehaviorand Tend toRelationshipwith the opposite sex).Findings of the study showed that among independent variables Age, Socio-economic status, Field of Study, Individualism,Materialism,Secularism,Rationalism,Gender Egalitarianism,Parentsmodernization, Conformitywith friends had significant relationship with tendency toward modern behaviors. multiple regression showed that Six Variables included Materialism,Individualism,Parentsmodernization,Gender Egalitarianism,Age, and Socio-economic status are important variables for explanation ofteenagers’ tendency toward modern behaviors. Result of regression analysis showed that independent variables used in equation explain 42 percent of dependent variable variance.

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Globalization as a new source of historical change, has changed our social - cultural lifeworld in a manner distinct from previous forms. The paper based on Ingelehart periodic change theory and the theory of Bollas generation formation, has evaluated the difference in generational identity in the light of globalization experience and processes. Accordingly, the paper argues that the formation of generational mentality and experience in the era of globalization is distinct from traditional identification patterns and hence the construction of social identity and lifestyle of children more than their parents' generation is confronted by objects coming from globalization. Methodologically, this study has been conducted Using the survey method through questionnaires between the two generation groups  in the city of Sanandaj (Kurdistan, Iran). The research findings indicate that lifestyle  in children generation is affected by norms and global objects more than parents' generations. Globalization of lifestyle by factors such as "consumption norms", "spending the leisure", "family behaviors", " language belongings" and "values and beliefs" is observed among the generation of the children more than generation of parents. The results also indicate that adherence to the global lifestyle is observed among the high educated classes of society more than less educated classes. 

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The present study seeks to analyze the environmental and social consequences of the entry of petrochemical industry into local communities of around the Mahabad Petrochemicals Project. The used method is qualitative and the technique of information analysis is narrative thematic analysis. Data were collected using narrative interviews and the theoretical sampling method used to answer the research objectives, so 21 interviews with people who had lived experience with the project, executed. Interviews have been analyzed in two stages: Open (Primary and Focused) and Axial coding. The main themes from interviews in the social dimension are 34 original concepts under 9 main categories (decrease in local community cohesion, social divergence, decrease in social security, top-down development, lack of transparency and civil rights violations, decrease in mental vivacity of indigenous people, alienation with project, stimulating dissatisfaction of the people and the material benefit of some people). In the environmental dimension, 21 primary concepts under the 7 main categories (air pollution, pollution of land and products, reduced water resources, environmental breaking the law by petrochemical project, optical pollution, respiratory troubles and concerned about the future of the environment

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The purpose of this research is to design and validate a model for implementation of environmental policy in Iran, which qualitative section with the help of methodology, the foundation or grounded theory of the researcher conducted in-depth interviews with 22 elites, managers and environmentalists in the country. The results based on the coding trials showed that out of 135 corresponding concepts, 26 subcategories were extracted that have a conceptual relationship with each other. In the axial coding step, all 11 subcategories were extracted from the axial categories, which were further abstracted These categories at the selective coding stage, a nuclear category, are described as "a successful implementation of environmental policy based on fictitious formulation based on the institutional and value-added alignment and coordination in which the development of environmental knowledge with the green management strategy and effective laws promote the development of a culture of life An environment becomes "that can be all over Cover other vlat. In the quantitative part that the extraction model is validated, the results of the constraining of the structural equation show that all of the extracted qualitative components have a direct and significant effect on the successful implementation of the country's environmental policy.
 

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The research using multiple-group path and factor analysis investigates impact of social marginality on social health. The research uses survey methods collecting data through questionnaire. Research census is people between ages 18 and 29 in Kermanshah and Javanroud cities in Kermanshah province. With intersection of 3 variables including religion, sex and city, there were generated 8 subgroups. Using AMOS software, differences among these subgroups were analyzed. Total sample analyzing demonstrates that independent variables explain 50 percent of dependent variable. Also multiple group analysis shows that measurement and structural model of research are different among 8 subgroups. Sex, religion and city moderate the model and cause differences in latent variables, causal paths factor loadings among 8 subgroups.
 

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The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of social capital on knowledge and experience sharing among female students of Nahavand unisex university using quantitative survey. The statistic  population of the study consisted of  all senior undergraduate students in four existing disciplines including agricultural extension education, industrial engineering, physical education, and medicinal plants disciplines (N=98). The standard scales of Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1998) accompanied by Putnam (2000), and the learning organization questionnaire of Watkins and Marsick’s (2003) were employed to assess the students’ social capital, and knowledge and experience sharing components, respectively. After re-validating research instrument by faculty members of agricultural extension and education department at Bu-Ali Sina University, its reliability was secured at 0.82 using the Cronbach’s alpha. The structural education modeling (SEM) and maximum likelihood method exposed the overt and covert variables’ interactions. Data indicated that the students’ social capital index was higher than average, while their knowledge sharing remained in a moderate level. Meanwhile, the SEM both confirmed the model and revealed that the social capital significantly and positively affected all components of the knowledge and experience sharing’s.  

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The education system plays a key role in relation to education,cultural heritage and consequently, strengthen national identity but in case of inability and inefficiency of the educational system for training in cultural heritage and strengthening national identity,citizens,students can of national identity and cultural heritage alienated.This is due to the centralized system of curriculum and information and communication technologies such as the Internet and satellite will double role.Due to this,this article’s goal are that qualitative content analysis method to pay that in book school as one of the most effective public education programs to what extent the issue has been dealt with cultural heritage?In order to access research purposes,the literature review component of the built heritage,after research data with qualitative methods in school textbooks were collected.The results showed that despite taking a part of the PersianBook this period as a"national homeland"and the brief refers to nationalfigures, mythology,customs and national holidays in other books of this period;Because of the importance of the subject and also primary targets in this regard is still to be felt weakness and in the beginning we are and the need for more coherent training component of cultural heritage in order to strengthen national identity to be felt

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The present study seeks to investigate the role of cultural-historical attractions of rural destinations in the development of cultural tourism in the rural areas. This is an applied research conducted in a descriptive-analytical method. Based on studies on two cities of Mashhad and Binalud, 14 rural areas with­ historical and cultural attractions were selected as the sample. Using Cochran's formula, the volume of tourists and the host community was determined 196 and 222 respectively. The scope of analysis in this study was "households". The data acquired from questionnaires were analyzed using the statistical analysis methods. The findings show that in these villages, attractions, facilities, services and cultural factors higher than the moderate level, can totally have a positive effect on socio-cultural, cultural-environmental development and development of cultural tourism in general. Besides, in ARAS model for socio-cultural dimension of cultural tourism, the village of Miami was on the top, and the village of Chahak was in the last place. Also according to the research findings, despite many problems in the study area, taking care of the facilities and rural infrastructure of the villages with tourist attractions and relevant advertisements in Mashhad ­can make way for growth of cultural tourism

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White marriage is one of the ways to live without formal and legal marriage, which is widely accepted among young people. The purpose of this study was to study the status of white marriage among young people in Gilani, who experienced this style of life, the causes of the tendency towards this style of life and its consequences.The phenomenological method has been used for qualitative study. Therefore, couples who have experienced this life style have been selected using a snowball sampling technique as the sample, and the data collection process was stopped by interviewing 15 people.
 
The results of the research were extracted through the process of coding open and categorical coding, and the concepts and categories were extracted.
The results of the research indicate that white marriages have become popular among young people.Factors such as economic status, divorce problems, reduced parental control, sexual and emotional needs, globalization, individualism, diminished religious beliefs, and friends have played an important role in the trend of white marriages among young people.The lack of acceptance by the community and the family, the lack of legal protection and having a secret relationship, including the limits of this lifestyle.
 

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Social wellbeing is how a person reports the quality of relationships with others. On this concept, social wellbeing means a person’s perception of a society as a meaningful and understandable set, with a potential to develop and grow as well as a sense of belonging to society and being participant in its development. Also, life satisfaction is generally defined on overall look at current conditions, from comparison of individual desires to real availability to them. The present paper aims to investigate the social wellbeing role on increase of life satisfaction. The research theoretical framework has been made according to Keyes’s, Lyubomirsky’s and Omid theories. The research method was surveying and the tool to collect data was questionnaire. The population is comprised of all 15-64 years-old citizens from Esfahan. The sample includes 800 people of the population above selected by size-based clustering method. To analyze data and to test the model, SPSS software and Amos software were used respectively. The results show that the mean of scores from both social wellbeing and life satisfaction variables is above the average. This effect of social wellbeing and life satisfaction is meaningful and direct.

 

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Though in most of the countries such as Iran the emphasis has been on rural-urban emigration, the result of censuses show emergence of new current of internal migration with the form of reverse migration or counter-urbanization in recent years in Iran. For recognition and best analysis of reverse migration, 12100 reverse migrants in demographic and economic characteristics, determinants and reason of migration with 23700 metropolis migrants as a result of two percent sample of 1390 census have been studies comparatively. Findings show that in demographic-economic characteristics, age-sex combination, marriage state and head of household, education, and the kind of employment, there is significant difference between reverse and metropolis migrants, the most affective of these differences is migrants’ employment. The superiority of skillful migrants in agriculture and ordinary labor in reverse migration and other professions in metropolis migration has caused migrants’ jobs explain two of three of occurrence changes in under-analyzed migrations. Natural and bio-environmental features of rural and deep structure, economic, commercial, political of metropolis have caused the reverse migrants who entered rural of diverse states and migrants who entered metropolis (Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Karaj, Tabriz, Shiraz, Ahvaz and Ghom) have diverse social, economic features and reasons for this migration

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This study aims at comparing teacher feedback to peer feedback. A group of 18 Iranian FL learners of Safir Language Academy and an FL teacher were participants of this study. The learners were divided into nine dyads and they participated in four essay writing sessions. The participants wrote on the same topic and genre and their written drafts were reviewed by both peers and the teacher. The sociocultural theory was used as the framework of this study and comments were analyzed based on two models. Firstly, they were categorized into local or global comments. Secondly, they were classified into four major categories, namely clarity, problem, explain, and suggestion.  Based on the findings, both teacher and learners were concerned with local matters during peer feedback and showed less interest in addressing global matters of writing. Moreover, the analysis of the comments indicated that the most frequent feedback type produced by the teacher was explain while the least frequent one was problem. Conversely, the most frequent peer feedback was problem and the least frequent one was explain. The results of the current study have some implications for English instructors and learners.

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In this paper, with the aim of evaluating the position of cultural spaces in contemporary urban development plans, it is first to calculate the extent of the shortage of any cultural needs with the standard per capita amount; Then, using Topsis Technique, based on the current per capita levels of educational, religious, social, tourism, recreational and sports services in detailed plans, ranking the metropolitan areas of Isfahan in terms of access to services cultural. In the next step, in order to analyze and evaluate the proposed per capita in the comprehensive, the relationship between the population of the city with per capita and the area of each cultural land use, and the area and per capita relationship of each of them were analyzed using SPSS software So, in each of the meaningful relationships identified, the functions of the 10 statistical predictions are obtained and the optimal functions are selected. The results of Regression relations show that in the comprehensive plan of the city of Isfahan, there are no relationships and systematic practices for per capita of social and cultural land use. 

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This research with the aim of explaining Status of Urban Neighborhoods Enjoy in Access to Services Landuses (Commercial- Services, Educational, Hygienic-Treatment ,Religious- Cultural, Recreation-Sport and Green space) it was taken in the 10th neighnorhoods of Khormoj city. The aim of this study is applied and descriptive-analytic method used in it in which the use of resources for library -documents, analyzed and evaluated the levels of development areas in the study area during the 19 indicators. The spatial distribution of service landuse it was measured utilizing techniques Gray correlation coefficient analysis and Shannon entropy and The results showed that in all the landuse, public services in the city of khourmoj, has no relation to the areas of distribution and this disparate.
The results also showed that the 8th Neighbourhood of Khormoj, In terms of access to services and urban development, has a better position than other areas and neighborhoods 4, 5, 3 and 7, due to a lack of space distribution in public services ,as well as impressive differences with other neighborhoods ,they are in the category of deprived areas.
 
 

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Intergenerational private transfers as a component of intergenerational relations, defined as exchang of financial and nonfinancial rsources between different generations in the family. Financial transfers are known as supply of lifeycle deficit in the old and young ages and an important factor to fullfill needs in these stages of lifecycle. The aim of the study is to recognize composition of financial transfers between elderly parents and adult children, affecting factors and complication of transfers in the 22 municipal regions of the Tehran city. Required data gathered using a survey of 681 household heads who are 50 and over years old in the summer 1396. The results displayes that every household head transferred 6050 thousands Rials to his child and received 1680 Thousands Rials in the parent-child dyads level. Age profile of transfers displayed that parents’ transfers to children decreased and received transfers increased by the parents’ age. The results of statistical analysis shows that the most important determinants of transfers are income and needs and resources of two transfer parties as well as economic and socio-demographic characteristics. The results of the investigation also illustrates that transfer motivation is more consistent with the altruistic models.

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The concept of participation and its application in various sciences particularly urban planning has been considered by thinkers and experts since several decades ago. The experience has proved that the participation to conduct urban affairs causes improving the efficiency, assigning the cost toward social priorities and fundamental projects. Nowadays, necessity of citizenship participation to enhance the physical and social condition of the cities is not inapparent over anyone. the main purpose of this article is to explain the direct/indirect relationships among the most key of urban participation barriers in Iran. To this end, it is used the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and Matrice d’Impacts Croise´s Multiplication Applique´e a´ un Classement (MICMAC) analysis under fuzzy environment. The ISM method is interpretive as the judgment of a group decides whether and how the factors are related. It is structural as an overall structure is extracted from the complex set of factors on the basis of relationship amongst the elements of the system. The article research method is descriptive and analytical so that its part of descriptive included the literature review of urban participation barriers and problems in Iran, and its part of analytical encompassed the explanation of relationships among the barriers.

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The statistical population of this study is all farmers in Garmsar County, which according to the statistics of the Agricultural Department, the number of them is 5675 people. Of these, 366 people were selected randomly according to the Cochran formula, and information were gathered through a researcher-made questionnaire. The research method is quantitative and we have tried to use the multivariate modeling of structural equation to test the model derived from the theoretical framework of the research. The theoretical framework of research is the theory of peasant subculture and Bourdieu's theory of cultural, social and economic capital types. The findings show that experimental data support the theoretical model based on different types of processing indicators. Also, the assumptions that indicate a meaningful relationship between different types of capital and peasant subculture were confirmed, and those that emphasized the existence of a meaningful relationship between different types of capital and the attitude towards water use in agriculture were rejected. There is also a significant relationship between peasant subculture and the attitude towards water use in agriculture. According to the final result, various types of economic, cultural and social capital indirectly affect the attitude toward water use through the peasant subculture variables.

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All cultures in a variety of ways, according to historical experiences, worldviews and religious, religious, and other factors within their culture, form specific content for folk beliefs in relation to everything their around. These beliefs can be about heaven, earth, nature, animals, death, the life of plants and humans. One of the folk beliefs that human beings have shaped during its cultural history are stereotypes about the gender of men and women. Because human history was based on patriarchal structure in most cultures, male or female gender beliefs or stereotypes usually tend to be more in direct women. Of course, there are differences between cultures about the forms of representation of folk beliefs towards women. Folk representations are in fact language games expressed in sentences, stories, proverbs, and so on. This paper tries to explain and analyze the representation of folk beliefs about the representation of gender based on the qualitative method of collecting popular beliefs and quantitative methods in the attitude toward informal believes among the students of Mazandaran University