One of the social problems on Yazd is the environment and if this problem cannot be controlled, it becomes a crisis and decreases the outcomes of developmental benefits. This problem is mainly caused by industrial development, geographical, climatic conditions, and dehydration. This paper focuses on the socio-cultural namely cultural capital, religiosity, life style and mass media use with environmental behaviors among citizens in Yazd. This is survey research and the population consisted of citizen in Yazd for whom 384 individuals were selected through random cluster sampling. Data collection technique was a questionnaire that has a suitable validity and reliability. The results showed that the environment factor was significantly related to cultural capital and lifestyle. There is a significant difference between men and women in environmental behaviors, too. However, age, marital status, mass media use, religiosity, education and environmental behaviors do not have a significant relationship. The results of regression analysis showed that the adjusted coefficient of determination for all the independent variables was equal to 0.278, meaning that all these variables could explain approximately 28 percent of the variation of the dependent variable (environmental factors).

Street labor children have been a new emerging phenomenon as well as a main concern about modern society. Due to the vulnerability of these children, and inability of governments to tackle their mounting problems, an increasing involvement of NGOs in helping these children have recently emerged. Having believed that the best way to deal with the issue of street children is to empower them so that they can live normally, this paper aims to study the role of NGOs in the empowerment of street labor children in Tehran through using a field research method. For this purpose, three dimensions of empowerment, including education, living skills and health were chosen for the study. It was assumed that NGOs initiatives affect the difficult states of the children positively through following both NGOs initiatives and the children socio-economic background. Findings indicated that most of the respondents believed that NGOs activities have had considerable effect on changing wretched conditions of the children. Moreover, the analysis of the data showed that NGOs initiatives are significantly associated with the empowerment of the children. The paper concludes that to enhance the state of the children, the active involvement of NGOs is necessary. Otherwise, they are rarely able to develop themselves, though this involvement should be based on a comprehensive approach. That is, any successful policy or initiative not only should focus on the street children as a very target group, but also on family as a major basis for the children misery and delinquency.

The youth as the most important human capital, play a crucial role in development of every societies, and the social capital is considered as the most important issue in enhancing the youth's efficiency and improvement of their role in the enhancement of the community. The reduction in the social capital of the youth results in fading their role in the development of the society. Therefore, awareness about the amount of social capital of the youth could help the social programmers in reducing the drawbacks. The current paper aims to answer to this question focusing on the amount of social capital of the youth in Ilam province. The theoretical base of the paper includes the theories that express the social capital in 3 aspects of bonding, bridging and linking. The type of investigation method is functional description and the statistical data were collected by sampling from the statistical population of the youth of province via application of the volume proportional classified sampling. The findings of the research show that the average social capital of the youth in Ilam province is on the medium level. The averages of the social capital show no difference between the two genders. The maximum level of social capital was associated to political contribution and social Mediation, and the minimum was related to the amount of mass media application, :::::::union::::::: participation, and civil Intervention. The ranking of triple types of social capital according to the average obtained scores are: linking capital, bounding and bridging. The averages of each type of social capitals is on medium level. A significant difference was observed between the social capital of men and women, although the level of significance was indicative of a difference between the amount of social capital among men (2.88) and women (2.80) and the difference of the average was 0.85 for men, but this average difference is not too large. In other words, the difference between social capital of men and women is not considerable. The other hypothesis of the research focusing on the existence of a relationship between: habitat (city-village), marriage status, the level of education, employment condition, living of the parents, previous habitat and the history of residence in the neighborhood and the social capital were not confirmed.

Values are considered the most powerful determinant factor in the cultural and social system of societies and play a crucial role in explaining, controlling, directing and predicting individuals' acts. Therefore, based on the Ronald Inglehart's theory of value transformation, the present paper intends to examine the condition of peoples' value orientation in order to investigate the relationship between social and economical changes and the type of value orientation. The data were obtained from 31 qualitative interview by individuals with the age range of 18 and above in Bandar Abbas. The analysis of the data revealed that 51.6% of respondents had material value orientation, and 41.9% of them have both material and meta material value orientation while only 6.5 % of them have meta material value orientation. Furthermore, the results show that younger individuals, and also individuals with higher education give more priority to meta material values. Therefore, it may be concluded that in the population investigated for this study, people prefer material values because their basic needs have not been fully satisfied. Moreover, it appears that Hormozgan is still experiencing the hard dimension of development and it is still far away from soft dimension of development. In addition, findings of the present study show that there is a relationship between variables such as social trust, social interaction, and universalism and the type of social value orientation.

This paper examines the relationship between the use of internal and external communications and political participation is Ghyrantkhabaty. The survey method was used to collect the required data from the questionnaire used. The population of the study consisted of all participants with 18 years old from Hamadan in June, 1390. The sample size was 400 and the multi-stage cluster sampling method was used. The results show the average non-electoral political participation. This type of partnership with the mean (0/60 of 4) located on the lower level. The non-electoral political participation shows that the highest average (1/9 of 4) to support items of a person, or a political movement dedicated slightly below the average level and the situation is relatively good. Multivariate linear regression variables with independent variables in this study show that political participation in Ghyrantkhabaty has the highest influence on the dependent variable, which is non-electoral political participation (internal media analysis) and This variable could explain about % 18.4 of the dependent variable space concept.

The influence of mass media and the internet on human societies have changed in information societies. Nowadays, the internet is a vital part of the present generation life. Because of the youth and adolescents increasing interest to use this phenomenon in different domains (science, entertainment, commercial affairs and interpersonal relations), its impact on various aspects of their life are considered in this paper. By this technology, the educational system also, has been able to take effective steps towards educational purposes. However, there were watchfully considerations towards using the internet by teenagers. Based on this fact, present study was conducted to measure the impact of the internet on education social goals realization. Afterward, by stratified random sampling method, 362 students were selected among Gorgan female high school students. Subsequently, a researcher-made questionnaire was conducted to collect data. T-test and Pearson-test findings were analyzed using SPSS software version 18. The results demonstrated no significant relation or correlation between the use of the internet and the education social goals realization (three components family relationships, social participations, primacy of communal interests over individual interests).

This article primarily aims to present research-based evidence to examine the main gender characteristics associated with socialization. It focuses on three aspects of socialization: gender socialization, religious socialization, and national socialization. Using the symbolic interaction theory and the socialization theory, this article particularly explores the construction and representation of gender identity through Iran’s educational system. According to the findings of this study, the dominance of male gender is the key pattern and a visible observation which applies to all aspects of socialization considered in this analysis. This provides further research-based evidence to support the existing knowledge in which the masculine hegemony is taken for granted in the society and economy, a principal pattern that is also internalized and transformed through educational media from generation to generation. 

در این مقاله سعی شده تا جایگاه زنان در برنامه چهارم توسعه بررسی و در مقایسه با سایر برنامه های پیشین مورد واکاوی قرار گیرد. در مرحله بعد، شاخص های توسعه در مدت زمان اجرای برنامه چهارم به کمک داده های ملی و بین المللی مورد مطالعه جنسیتی قرار گرفته تا چگونگی تحقق این برنامه در عمل مشخص شود. این پژوهش با استفاده از روش اسنادی، کتابخانه ای و روش تحلیل داده های مرتبط انجام شده است. اطلاعات در خصوص شاخص های توسعه عمدتا برگرفته از داده های انتشار یافته قابل دسترس مرکز آمار ایران، سازمان بهداشت جهانی، گزارش شکاف جنسیتی مجمع جهانی اقتصاد و نیز بانک جهانی است. مطالعه جنسیتی مفاد برنامه نشان می دهد درحالیکه نقطه تمایز برنامه چهارم توسعه نسبت به برنامه های پیشین، مبتنی بر ایجاد زمینه برای افزایش مشارکت اقتصادی، اجتماعی زنان است، واقعیت امر به گونه دیگری است. به عبارت دیگر اگر چه شاخص های بهداشت و سلامت و نیز آموزش، خصوصا آموزش عالی حکایت از بهبود وضعیت زنان دارد، شاخص های اقتصادی و نیز سیاسی نسبت به برنامه سوم توسعه و نیز انتظارات مندرج در برنامه چهارم، رشد مطلوبی نداشته است. این مهم، در کنار درک برخی استلزامات سیاستگزاری، ضرورت اتخاذ رویکردی استراتژیک در برنامه های کلان معطوف به زنان را برجسته می سازد.

Present study examined the status of culture of Sport and Youth Organization of Northern Khorasan and determine its relationship with Organizational Identity. This study, in terms of purpose is applied and in terms of data collection is descriptive - correlation. research statistical population was all of the employee of  sport and youth organization of northern khorasan with 105 persons that all individuals comments were taken. Research instruments including: organizational culture- denison and organizational identity- mael & ashforth. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and Enter- regression test . Results revealed that there is posetive significant relation between organizational culture and its dimensions with organizational identity. Furthermore, the results indicate that the organizational culture variables can significantly predict the changes of corporate identity. Also Results suggest that organizational culture in all four dimensions is greater than the average. Based on the research findings can be expected with improve of  statuse of organizational culture, organizational identity of people will increase.

Citizenship as a social phenomenon is a central component of modern democratic political systems and key indicators to demonstrate democracy in a modern society. Citizenship requires a sense of community membership. Cultural and social development and active citizenship require active citizens and active citizenship requires a sense of citizenship. Current study is an evaluation about the role of social capital and cultural capital in the sense of citizenship among people of Kashan. The sample size for this study was 318 citizens and for conducting a questionnaire -based survey method for assessing the validity Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. In this paper, four dimensions were considered for sense of citizenship, they are a sense of equality of opportunity , equality of distributive sense , sense of equality of participation, and a sense of social identity, Based on the results, sense of Kashanian citizensWith an average of 2/47 in the range of 1-4 is in average level. Social capital, including trust, integrity, collaboration and social knowledge with an average of 2/98 in the range of 1-5 and cultural capital with a moderate level of mental, physical and institutional, With an average of 1/88 in the range of 1-5 are also below average. Research findings show relationship between social capital, the sense of citizenship and cultural capital. This means that the greater degree of social capital and cultural capital among citizens would lead to more of a sense of citizenship.  

This study examines factors influencing tendencies to hijab between citizens of Gorgan. In this context, the authors seek to answer the question, what is the tendency of the hijab between citizens of Gorgan and what factors affect it? Due to this question in the context of this study, several hypotheses have been formed and different theories have been used in the veiling, to explain it. The main ideas in this section are used, the ideas in the framework of economic, social, demographic, cultural etc are raised. To collect data for this study a questionnaire was used. The study sample consisted of 626 citizens of Gorgan and sampling method is random. Results based on questionnaire data show cultural, social, familial, personal, and economic factors sorted by importance, have positively significant correlation with the tendency to hijab, and among the seven underlying variables, age, income, integrity and consumption of media sort by importance, has significant positive or negative correlation with the tendency to hijab. So, the integrity and age have positive correlation, and consumption of media and income have negative correlation and underlying variables of trust, social class, and education has no significant correlation with the tendency to hijab. 

Social capital is one of the important capabilities and properties of organization which could help it in knowledge share and creation and by providing proper field, would equip human resources to organizational entrepreneurship's knowledge and skill, and could be one of the effective alternatives in personnel performance promotion, so the main aim of this study was to examine the effect of social capital on organizational entrepreneurship in Babol's Education & Training Office. Social statistics were 780 persons of teachers of babol's guidance schools which 250 persons were selected as sample statistics by Morgan table. Designed questionnaire after confirming validity by experts and reliability by %88 alpha cronbakh were distributed. Results of regression tests indicated that there was a significant relationship between social capital and organizational entrepreneurship in Babol's Education & Training Office. Also there is a significant relationship between two dimensions of social capital such as the quality and structure of social capital and organizational entrepreneurship in Babol's Education & Training Office. The result of Spearman correlation tests also showed that there were significant relationships between trust and relations in quality of social capital and between variables in structure of social capital such as size and extension of relation network, relations structure and social solidarity with organizational entrepreneurship. Finally it was concluded that strong and rich structure of social capital could lead to reinforce organizational entrepreneurship in  Education & Training Office

The current research is intended to study the relationship and impact of objective life quality on subjective life quality for the population of more than 15 years of age in Amol County. The required data was collected by using a survey method and questionnaire which were done on a statistical sample of 384 individuals. The descriptive findings indicated that two dimensions including the subjective and objective life qualities and their variables are lower than medium level in the county of Amol. This shows that the situation was not appropriate. The definitional findings showed that all of the hypotheses except the hypothesis for age were confirmed with a confidence level more than 99% and with an error level lower than 1%. The main variables were entered into the model for multiple regression analysis. The value of determination coefficient was 0/483. This indicated that the independent variables were defining 48/3% of the variance and changes in the dependent variables. The value is good. In order to measure the direct and indirect impacts of the independent variables on the dependent variables, the path analysis method was used. The results of the research revealed the importance of simultaneous study, relationship and the impact of the subjective and objective qualities of life instead of using the approaches individually.

The ability of public spaces in attracting people is resulted that have been considered as a container for formation of social capital. Therefore this study is an attempt about the relationship between public spaces and social capital in different aspects and according to explanatory framework and deductive reasoning for testing the assumptions of the theory. The main assumption of the study has been organized on the bases of physical and social aspects of space which impact over social trust and participation contingent factors such as social networks. In this way explanation between social capital and public spaces has been performed by Polynomial regression test in SPSS and MATLAB. The analysis is on the bases of 384 sample size which has been derived according the cochran Q test and in a random sampling method. The gathering instrument was questionnaire in public spaces within the selected community contexts of Amol.

 The results indicates that the physical dimensions of (space) and social (activity) in public spaces affect the norms and social networks as a dimensions of social capital. Also all indicators of social capital is positively associated with the acceptance of public space and has established a positive 65.3% correlation. Therefore, improving the physical and social conditions of public spaces result in a positive way on social capital at the community level scope (areas).

After the 1979 Revolution, women in the field of public and higher education achieved substantial improvement. However, employment statistics show that their economic participation has not changed much compared to the pre-revolution era. While considering the mission of higher education, the objective of this article is trying to understand this gap and to seek ways of reducing it. The research method is based on the study of the gap through documents and interviews with educated or working women and professionals. The study concludes by stressing on the most important reasons of this disparity which could be: little transfer of skills when entering the labor market, weak professional identity among girls, as well as structural discrimination based on gender division of labor in society.

School Bullying is a complex, widespread issue involving students for years however this psychosocial phenomenon has gained attention among researchers from 1980s. Most of the researches on bullying are mainly done by psychological perspective, thus this study tries to highlight the social factors associated with bullying. Given the aim of the study, three of the most famous criminology theories: General theory of crime, Differential association theory and General strain theory (GST) were chosen as the theoretical framework and three types of bullying (verbal, physical & social) were considered. Based on the theories It has been hypothesized that there is a positive correlation between low self control and bullying, differential association and bullying and general strain and bullying. The population of the study consists of all the high school students from first to third grade in Sari's urban area. A total of 410 persons were selected by stratified random sampling proportional to size. The results showed that 7.6 percent of the respondents never involved in bullying. 65.4 percent of students have bullying in low level, 22.2 percent in moderate and 4.9 percent of those in high extents. Also boys bully more than girls. Multiple regression analysis results also show that the variables low Self-control, differential association, and general strain are the strongest predictors of bullying.

هدف این پژوهش، مطالعه جامعه شناختی رابطه کارگران، کارفرمایان و دولت در تنظیم روابط کار صنعتی است. گفتگوی اجتماعی سه جانبه در روابط کار صنعتی ایران تحقق نیافته و همواره این رابطه درگیر تنش‌های مختلفی بوده است. بررسی این رابطه تنش آمیز (اجتماعی – فرهنگی) در بنگاه های اقتصادی زمینه مطالعات میان رشته ای را فراهم می کند. نظریه های جامعه شناسی به تبیین علل بروز این تنش‌ها از ظهور انقلاب صنعتی تا رشد صنایع در قرن بیستم پرداخته‌اند..مثلا مارکس به تبیین این رابطه از نظر تحلیل طبقاتی پرداخت؛ نظریه پدر سالاری، روابط سازمانی، نظریه حدوث و گفتمان فوکو نیز این رابطه را از زوایای دیگری بررسی نموده‌اند، که راهنما و لنز نظری محقق در توصیف و درک تاریخ معاصر روابط کارگری و کارفرمایی ایران بوده‌اند. این تحقیق به دنبال پاسخ گویی به این سؤال اصلی است که وضعیت گفتگوی اجتماعی در روابط کار صنعتی کنونی ما چگونه است؟ یافته های این تحقیق بر اساس روش تحقیق کیفی چندگانه و از طریق مصاحبه عمیق فردی، گروهی متمرکز جمع آوری شده است. که بیان گر این امرند که در حال حاضر از یک سو وجود تشکل‌های مختلف کارگری و کارفرمایی، ضعف هماهنگی در بین آن‌ها، عدم تمرکز در بین تشکل‌های کارگری و کارفرمایی و نرسیدن به یک دستور مشترک عامل مهمی در عدم برقراری گفتگوی اجتماعی در محیط کار است. از سوی دیگر با استفاده از نظریه گفتمان می‌توان بیان کرد که تولید و درک مختلف معنایی از گفتگوی اجتماعی توسط کنش گران مختلف در روابط کار صنعتی نیز سبب کنش‌های متفاوت و متعارضی شده که گفتگوی اجتماعی را با چالش مواجه کرده است. نگرش پدرسالارانه کارفرمایان به کارگران وجود گفتگوی اجتماعی را به ضرر منافع جمعی دانسته، تشکلات مختلف کارگری نیز قادر نبودند حول مساله مشترک خود به اجماع برسند و همین امر موجب طرد گفتگوی اجتماعی شده است، همچنین منفعت طلبی کارفرمایان سبب شده تا هیچ تفویض اقتداری از سوی آن‌ها به کارگران در محیط کار صورت نگیرد، به نظر می‌رسد که کنش‌های دو طرف بر اساس اصل کنش عقلانی و منافع جمعی انعکاس یافته، اصل گفتگوی اجتماعی را نقض و به جای اینکه هر دو طرف بخشی از منافع خود را معطوف به طرف دیگر نماید تا منافع مشترک به حداکثر برسد، در صدد به حداکثر رساندن منافع خود هستند، پدیده ای که به آن تنش و تضاد در روابط سازمانی و صنعتی گفته می‌شود

Tehran's distressed areas due to the lack of flexibility with unimaginable speed of socio-economic changes, technology changes and etc. lost their effectiveness over time. And now has faced with various problems such as environmental degradation and spatial qualities, physical exhaustion and social issues. These problems caused by spatial streams that producing locational discrimination. Therefore, the causes of Distressed Areas of Tehran should be examined under the spatial factors and relationships. Accordingly, the aim of study was to evaluate the impact of the production and distribution of urban space in spatial injustice of Tehran Deteriorated Areas. This study is analytical and the study question is causal question. The research methodology is analytical and research approach is structural.Because they basically pay attention to multiple representations of social reality. To investigate the spatial interactions of Urban Distressed Areas, we should return to the beginning of changes from feudal mode of production into the capitalist mode of production in country. Production process of studied distressed areas have been made gradually after the changes. So, the effect of spatial elements in the formation of Location discrimination and Tehran distressed areas should be considered to extracting mechanism of spatial injustice manufacturer. In general it can be concluded that the spatial streams over time aggravate unfair allocation of resources (which causes the formation of urban decay), and have increased spatial changes speed. Since the low-income groups because of the lack of power and knowledge, don’t have ability to adapt and take advantage of the caused situation to increase the resources, in location, are enclosed with spatial streams. Distressed area of Tehran is one of these places.

With purpose of determining tendency difference towards national identity based on belonging to ethnic minorities, the research tries to answer following question: is national identity tends to be based on different ethnic groups? The research is a descriptive – survey research. Statistical population consists of all students studying in Azad and State Universities in center of Golestan Province. According to the latest statistics, their number was 83110 persons. Cochran formula was used to determine sample volume. After removing incomplete questionnaire, obtained data from 430 participants were analyzed. Under – studied statistical sample was selected using random stratified sampling method. Needed data was collected using researcher – made questionnaire. Validity of tools was measured using nominal validity method and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach' Alpha which consist of 785/0respectively. Data analysis was conducted in two inferential and descriptive levels. The results indicate that behavioral dimension of national identity in students is higher than other dimensions (cognitive and emotional dimensions), but average indicator indicate that totally students' tendency towards national identity is in high level (4.118 of 5). Comparing ethnic groups in terms of tendency to national identity indicated that there is not a significant difference between ethnic groups in terms of tendency to national identity. Trivial differences show that Kurdish students have the maximum tendency, while Lor students have the minimum one, after Kurds, Turks and Turkmen. Persians are ranked in fifth rating and Sistani's are placed close to Persians as a lingual group. Ranking students' tendency in terms of study field indicated that there is a significant difference in this regard, so that the student studying in the fields of technical and engineering and then basic sciences have the maximum tendency, while the students in the fields of medical sciences and agricultural sciences are placed in last ratings.

In contemporary sociological debates, the concept of social capital is as a rich theoretical concept with e dense research findings and Because of its association with different dimensions of development in the society, social and political policymakers have focused on investigation of its role on development. With this regard, the aim of the survey is to study the association between participation in religious communities and social capital among residents in Shiraz city. Using multi-stage cluster sampling method 410 participants (196 male, 214 female) randomly selected and answered to the questionnaire. The results show between participation in religious communities and the different dimensions of social capital such as social cohesion, inter-group trust and institutional trust there is a significant positive correlation, except social participation findings also show that correlation with institutional trust is stronger than other dimensions. This means that with increased participation in religious communities, participant's social capital increases. The investigators suggest future research to analyze the content of the messages in religious communities can also affect different dimension of social capital.