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Thisstudy investigatesthe impact ofthe Internet onMulticulturalIdentityamongUniversity Students. The main objectiveof thisresearch istheoretical and empiricalstudy ofthe relationship between theInternet andMulticulturalIdentity.In order toachieve this objective, Stuart Hall's theory about Media Communication andMulticulturalIdentityand Manuel Castells' theory about the Internet andNetworkSociety, are studied as Theoretical Framework of Research.The populationstudiedincludes the studentsof Kashan State University and Kashan Medical Sciences Universityin 2013-14 school year (Equivalent to 9540people), that amongthis population, using Cochran's formula, 380people are selected, as theSampleSize. The results of hypotheses tests of this study suggest that there is meaningful and directcorrelations between the variable of Multicultural Identity and the variables of Duration andextent of use ofthe Internet, Proficient inthe use ofinternet, The UseofInternet Scientific Sites,The Use ofInternetArtSites, Shopping Internet Cultural Goods and The Use ofVirtualSocial Networks. Also, the results of theRegression Analysis, shows direct impact of the variables of Social Virtual Networks, The Use ofInternetArtSites and Duration andextent of use ofthe Internet onthe variable of Multicultural Identity.

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Thisstudy investigatesthe impact ofthe Internet onMulticulturalIdentityamongUniversity Students. The main objectiveof thisresearch istheoretical and empiricalstudy ofthe relationship between theInternet andMulticulturalIdentity.In order toachieve this objective, Stuart Hall's theory about Media Communication andMulticulturalIdentityand Manuel Castells' theory about the Internet andNetworkSociety, are studied as Theoretical Framework of Research.The populationstudiedincludes the studentsof Kashan State University and Kashan Medical Sciences Universityin 2013-14 school year (Equivalent to 9540people), that amongthis population, using Cochran's formula, 380people are selected, as theSampleSize. The results of hypotheses tests of this study suggest that there is meaningful and directcorrelations between the variable of Multicultural Identity and the variables of Duration andextent of use ofthe Internet, Proficient inthe use ofinternet, The UseofInternet Scientific Sites,The Use ofInternetArtSites, Shopping Internet Cultural Goods and The Use ofVirtualSocial Networks. Also, the results of theRegression Analysis, shows direct impact of the variables of Social Virtual Networks, The Use ofInternetArtSites and Duration andextent of use ofthe Internet onthe variable of Multicultural Identity.

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Social capital is a form of capital along with economic and cultural capital by which the individual can access to the available resources and support within different groups and society. The main purpose of the present research is to examine the different levels of social capital among men and women. It is assumed that men and women enjoy differential levels of social capital due to the cultural and social differences and gender inequalities. The study is a secondary analysis based on the data gathered by Iran University of Medical Sciences, World Health Organization, Tehran Municipality, and Jihad Daneshgahi on 2008 within the project called Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool. The sample is 20670 people aged over 18 years old who live in Tehran. The results indicate that there are no significant differences between men and women in terms of family social capital. However, significant differences are found between men and women in the mean of peer social capital. Men enjoyed higher levels of peer, neighborhood, and total social capital compared with women.

 

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The main question of this paper is about the electoral behavior of university students, as one of the main indicators of political development, and the role of social on this matter. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between social networks and electoral behavior among the students of the University of Isfahan. Method of collecting and analyzing the data is survey method. This study was conducted on 174 male and female university students To collect data, a questionnaire was used to validate the formal method, and its reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and the data were analyzed using SPSS software under the Windows environment. The social network is divided into three dimensions, construction, interactive and functional, with regard to the three aspects of the electoral behavior of watching, medium and active it can be seen that the greatest impact of social network features and functional characteristics of the students had little impact on voting behavior.

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The aim of this study is to compare the intergenerational preferences in developed, developing and underdeveloped provinces of Iran. First, preferences into social, political, economic, cultural and environmental dimensions totally among generations are compared. Second, the system of preferences is compared in developed, developing and underdeveloped provinces. The method of the research is survey and its technique of data gathering is secondary analysis from 5th Wave data of World Values Survey (2005-2008). The findings show that the most gap among generations is seen in social preferences and the fewest gap among generations is seen in preferences environmental. The most gaps among generations is always seen into social, economic and cultural dimensions in developed provinces. In environmental preferences the fewest gap is seen among generations in developed, developing and underdeveloped provinces of Iran.

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This research is about social consensus and the effective factors on it in Dehdasht (A city of kohkiloieh and Boier ahmad state). 389 Participants were 15 years old and older, used multistage cluster sampling method and a questionnaire as an instrument that was used for the data collection. The results have shown that social participation, specific social confidence, general social confidence, or social confidence generalized and social economic status have the direct and meaningful relation with dependent variable and so sense of anomie, fatalism, sense of comparative deprivation have the opposite and meaningful relation with the social consensus. Regeration analyses have shown interred variable in this investigation explain 37 per cent of dependent variable variance and here social participation plays the most role in variance explanation of the social consensus. Pass Analysis results have shown social-mental economic status and general social trust don’t have any effect on universalism explanations but have an indirect effect on universalism through deprivation sense and Social participation.

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This study is qualitative design that considered a qualitative analysis of social trust trend of Afghan immigrant elites living in Mashhad. Distrust of immigrants to society and marginalization can create disturbances in conformity, discipline and social integration understanding the elites Trust is important The reason is that they transfer the culture of trust or mistrust to Afghan migrants and Afghanistan society. Focused group discussion was used on five groups of 5-3 persons and Data collection continued until saturation stage. 22 samples were selected using theoretical sampling. The results show that the distrust is in a high level. This distrust is mainly institutional distrust. Structural characteristics of Iran and its institutions and organizations are the most important factors of distrust. Humiliation and discrimination of afghan immigrant are the main reasons of the distrust. It has shaped the immigrant experience during their residency. According to the results, distrust has occurred by the loss of deep trust in the first generation of immigrants to Iran that has been created after revolution. According to Sztompka theory, it is difficult to repair.

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The youth as the most important human capital, play a crucial role in development of every societies, and the social capital is considered as the most important issue in enhancing the youth's efficiency and improvement of their role in the enhancement of the community. The reduction in the social capital of the youth results in fading their role in the development of the society. Therefore, awareness about the amount of social capital of the youth could help the social programmers in reducing the drawbacks. The current paper aims to answer to this question focusing on the amount of social capital of the youth in Ilam province. The theoretical base of the paper includes the theories that express the social capital in 3 aspects of bonding, bridging and linking. The type of investigation method is functional description and the statistical data were collected by sampling from the statistical population of the youth of province via application of the volume proportional classified sampling. The findings of the research show that the average social capital of the youth in Ilam province is on the medium level. The averages of the social capital show no difference between the two genders. The maximum level of social capital was associated to political contribution and social Mediation, and the minimum was related to the amount of mass media application, :::::::union::::::: participation, and civil Intervention. The ranking of triple types of social capital according to the average obtained scores are: linking capital, bounding and bridging. The averages of each type of social capitals is on medium level. A significant difference was observed between the social capital of men and women, although the level of significance was indicative of a difference between the amount of social capital among men (2.88) and women (2.80) and the difference of the average was 0.85 for men, but this average difference is not too large. In other words, the difference between social capital of men and women is not considerable. The other hypothesis of the research focusing on the existence of a relationship between: habitat (city-village), marriage status, the level of education, employment condition, living of the parents, previous habitat and the history of residence in the neighborhood and the social capital were not confirmed.

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The main purpose of this study is to investigate the Factors influencing the social health of teachers (in primary, middle and high school) in Boukan city. According to "the Keyes model", we have measured the rate of social health of the 234 teachers in Boukan city. The results show that the mean of social health between teachers is 62.17 percent. The results also show that the social health among men is more than the social health among women. The results show that the mean of social health among those who have been homeowners is much more than those of tenants. The findings of the study show that with social class promotion, social health is severely diminished. Also, the results show that the more increasing the cultural capital, the better social health. The results indicate that increasing rate of religiosity the social health will also increase.

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Values are considered the most powerful determinant factor in the cultural and social system of societies and play a crucial role in explaining, controlling, directing and predicting individuals' acts. Therefore, based on the Ronald Inglehart's theory of value transformation, the present paper intends to examine the condition of peoples' value orientation in order to investigate the relationship between social and economical changes and the type of value orientation. The data were obtained from 31 qualitative interview by individuals with the age range of 18 and above in Bandar Abbas. The analysis of the data revealed that 51.6% of respondents had material value orientation, and 41.9% of them have both material and meta material value orientation while only 6.5 % of them have meta material value orientation. Furthermore, the results show that younger individuals, and also individuals with higher education give more priority to meta material values. Therefore, it may be concluded that in the population investigated for this study, people prefer material values because their basic needs have not been fully satisfied. Moreover, it appears that Hormozgan is still experiencing the hard dimension of development and it is still far away from soft dimension of development. In addition, findings of the present study show that there is a relationship between variables such as social trust, social interaction, and universalism and the type of social value orientation.

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The influence of mass media and the internet on human societies have changed in information societies. Nowadays, the internet is a vital part of the present generation life. Because of the youth and adolescents increasing interest to use this phenomenon in different domains (science, entertainment, commercial affairs and interpersonal relations), its impact on various aspects of their life are considered in this paper. By this technology, the educational system also, has been able to take effective steps towards educational purposes. However, there were watchfully considerations towards using the internet by teenagers. Based on this fact, present study was conducted to measure the impact of the internet on education social goals realization. Afterward, by stratified random sampling method, 362 students were selected among Gorgan female high school students. Subsequently, a researcher-made questionnaire was conducted to collect data. T-test and Pearson-test findings were analyzed using SPSS software version 18. The results demonstrated no significant relation or correlation between the use of the internet and the education social goals realization (three components family relationships, social participations, primacy of communal interests over individual interests).

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Citizenship as a social phenomenon is a central component of modern democratic political systems and key indicators to demonstrate democracy in a modern society. Citizenship requires a sense of community membership. Cultural and social development and active citizenship require active citizens and active citizenship requires a sense of citizenship. Current study is an evaluation about the role of social capital and cultural capital in the sense of citizenship among people of Kashan. The sample size for this study was 318 citizens and for conducting a questionnaire -based survey method for assessing the validity Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. In this paper, four dimensions were considered for sense of citizenship, they are a sense of equality of opportunity , equality of distributive sense , sense of equality of participation, and a sense of social identity, Based on the results, sense of Kashanian citizensWith an average of 2/47 in the range of 1-4 is in average level. Social capital, including trust, integrity, collaboration and social knowledge with an average of 2/98 in the range of 1-5 and cultural capital with a moderate level of mental, physical and institutional, With an average of 1/88 in the range of 1-5 are also below average. Research findings show relationship between social capital, the sense of citizenship and cultural capital. This means that the greater degree of social capital and cultural capital among citizens would lead to more of a sense of citizenship.  

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Social capital is one of the important capabilities and properties of organization which could help it in knowledge share and creation and by providing proper field, would equip human resources to organizational entrepreneurship's knowledge and skill, and could be one of the effective alternatives in personnel performance promotion, so the main aim of this study was to examine the effect of social capital on organizational entrepreneurship in Babol's Education & Training Office. Social statistics were 780 persons of teachers of babol's guidance schools which 250 persons were selected as sample statistics by Morgan table. Designed questionnaire after confirming validity by experts and reliability by %88 alpha cronbakh were distributed. Results of regression tests indicated that there was a significant relationship between social capital and organizational entrepreneurship in Babol's Education & Training Office. Also there is a significant relationship between two dimensions of social capital such as the quality and structure of social capital and organizational entrepreneurship in Babol's Education & Training Office. The result of Spearman correlation tests also showed that there were significant relationships between trust and relations in quality of social capital and between variables in structure of social capital such as size and extension of relation network, relations structure and social solidarity with organizational entrepreneurship. Finally it was concluded that strong and rich structure of social capital could lead to reinforce organizational entrepreneurship in  Education & Training Office

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The ability of public spaces in attracting people is resulted that have been considered as a container for formation of social capital. Therefore this study is an attempt about the relationship between public spaces and social capital in different aspects and according to explanatory framework and deductive reasoning for testing the assumptions of the theory. The main assumption of the study has been organized on the bases of physical and social aspects of space which impact over social trust and participation contingent factors such as social networks. In this way explanation between social capital and public spaces has been performed by Polynomial regression test in SPSS and MATLAB. The analysis is on the bases of 384 sample size which has been derived according the cochran Q test and in a random sampling method. The gathering instrument was questionnaire in public spaces within the selected community contexts of Amol.

 The results indicates that the physical dimensions of (space) and social (activity) in public spaces affect the norms and social networks as a dimensions of social capital. Also all indicators of social capital is positively associated with the acceptance of public space and has established a positive 65.3% correlation. Therefore, improving the physical and social conditions of public spaces result in a positive way on social capital at the community level scope (areas).

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هدف این پژوهش، مطالعه جامعه شناختی رابطه کارگران، کارفرمایان و دولت در تنظیم روابط کار صنعتی است. گفتگوی اجتماعی سه جانبه در روابط کار صنعتی ایران تحقق نیافته و همواره این رابطه درگیر تنش‌های مختلفی بوده است. بررسی این رابطه تنش آمیز (اجتماعی – فرهنگی) در بنگاه های اقتصادی زمینه مطالعات میان رشته ای را فراهم می کند. نظریه های جامعه شناسی به تبیین علل بروز این تنش‌ها از ظهور انقلاب صنعتی تا رشد صنایع در قرن بیستم پرداخته‌اند..مثلا مارکس به تبیین این رابطه از نظر تحلیل طبقاتی پرداخت؛ نظریه پدر سالاری، روابط سازمانی، نظریه حدوث و گفتمان فوکو نیز این رابطه را از زوایای دیگری بررسی نموده‌اند، که راهنما و لنز نظری محقق در توصیف و درک تاریخ معاصر روابط کارگری و کارفرمایی ایران بوده‌اند. این تحقیق به دنبال پاسخ گویی به این سؤال اصلی است که وضعیت گفتگوی اجتماعی در روابط کار صنعتی کنونی ما چگونه است؟ یافته های این تحقیق بر اساس روش تحقیق کیفی چندگانه و از طریق مصاحبه عمیق فردی، گروهی متمرکز جمع آوری شده است. که بیان گر این امرند که در حال حاضر از یک سو وجود تشکل‌های مختلف کارگری و کارفرمایی، ضعف هماهنگی در بین آن‌ها، عدم تمرکز در بین تشکل‌های کارگری و کارفرمایی و نرسیدن به یک دستور مشترک عامل مهمی در عدم برقراری گفتگوی اجتماعی در محیط کار است. از سوی دیگر با استفاده از نظریه گفتمان می‌توان بیان کرد که تولید و درک مختلف معنایی از گفتگوی اجتماعی توسط کنش گران مختلف در روابط کار صنعتی نیز سبب کنش‌های متفاوت و متعارضی شده که گفتگوی اجتماعی را با چالش مواجه کرده است. نگرش پدرسالارانه کارفرمایان به کارگران وجود گفتگوی اجتماعی را به ضرر منافع جمعی دانسته، تشکلات مختلف کارگری نیز قادر نبودند حول مساله مشترک خود به اجماع برسند و همین امر موجب طرد گفتگوی اجتماعی شده است، همچنین منفعت طلبی کارفرمایان سبب شده تا هیچ تفویض اقتداری از سوی آن‌ها به کارگران در محیط کار صورت نگیرد، به نظر می‌رسد که کنش‌های دو طرف بر اساس اصل کنش عقلانی و منافع جمعی انعکاس یافته، اصل گفتگوی اجتماعی را نقض و به جای اینکه هر دو طرف بخشی از منافع خود را معطوف به طرف دیگر نماید تا منافع مشترک به حداکثر برسد، در صدد به حداکثر رساندن منافع خود هستند، پدیده ای که به آن تنش و تضاد در روابط سازمانی و صنعتی گفته می‌شود

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In contemporary sociological debates, the concept of social capital is as a rich theoretical concept with e dense research findings and Because of its association with different dimensions of development in the society, social and political policymakers have focused on investigation of its role on development. With this regard, the aim of the survey is to study the association between participation in religious communities and social capital among residents in Shiraz city. Using multi-stage cluster sampling method 410 participants (196 male, 214 female) randomly selected and answered to the questionnaire. The results show between participation in religious communities and the different dimensions of social capital such as social cohesion, inter-group trust and institutional trust there is a significant positive correlation, except social participation findings also show that correlation with institutional trust is stronger than other dimensions. This means that with increased participation in religious communities, participant's social capital increases. The investigators suggest future research to analyze the content of the messages in religious communities can also affect different dimension of social capital.

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The purpose of this research was to analyzesimple and multiple relationships between social capital and moral intelligence with the responsibility in students at University of Kashan. Research type was descriptive correlative. The statistical population consisted of 7132 students in Universities of Kashan in an academic year 2014-2015.Cocran Formula from the 2700 was used to choose 258 students through the stratified randomized sampling.The instrument used forgathering information were a moral intelligence questionnaire with 40 items in 3 component (honest, forgiveness & compassion), social capital questionnaire with 24 items in 4 components (social partnership, social integration, social belongings& social trust) and a responsibility questionnaire with 42 items in 5 components (self-management, trusteeship, dutiful, organizing & progressivism) based on 5 likert scales. The validity of Questionnaires was confirmed by experts. Through Cronbach alpha coefficient, reliability coefficients were obtained equal to 0.83 for moral intelligence, 0.87 for social capital and 0.91 for responsibility. Data analyses were used in level inferential statistics (correlation, t-test, regression) through SPSS and Amos software’s. Finding showed mean of moral intelligence, social capital and responsibility components are bigger than average (3). There are positive and significant relationship between all of components moral intelligence and social capital with responsibility.

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Some of researchers are believed that ICT plays important role on social development, rising of the decision-making of rural peoples, enforcement of social capital, decreasing of the effects of natural hazardous, empowerment of the rural poor peoples, promotion of the life quality and etc. the purpose of this paper is survey of ICT role on social development in the rural areas. This research from point view of purpose is developmental and from point view of identity is descriptive and from point view of type is analytical research. Target population in the study was the rural people of located in Meshkinshar County. The needed information by means of questionnaire was collected from rural people of settled in Meshkinshar County. Statistical society of research included all of rural that have had ICT office. In addition for determining sample size the rural peoples of settled in the rural areas of Meshkinshar county was used Cochran formula. Finally, the sample size of rural peoples 195 was determined. The tool of measurement was made researcher questionnaire. The content and face validity of the instrument was specified after several times review and correction by the faculty of members at university and several expertise of administrative offices. The reliability analysis was conducted and Cronbach’s alpha values for the various sections of instrument were estimated to be between 0.87 and 0.92. The results of research showed that there was a statistically significant positive relationship between social consolidation, satisfaction, social participation, employment, and responsibility, access to social services, life quality and enforcement of educational infrastructure and using of ICT services. Finally, based on the results analysis, some applied recommendations have been provided

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Abstract Problem Statement: Happiness is one of the major psychological needs of humankind and because of its significant influence on the life of humans, it has always drawn the attentions. Happiness is the primary material for transformation, revolution and evolution of human life and is subject to several social factors. Among the social factorsinfluencing the happiness levels of the youth, social capitaland its dimensions may be mentioned. Thus present paper seeks to study the relationship between social capital of the youth and their level of happiness. Methodology: present study used a survey technique and a random sample of 384 young people in the age range of 18-30 in Tehran city in 2014. Data collection instrument was a researcher-developed questionnaire which had face and construct validity (KMO = 0.81) and a reliability coefficient of 0.73. Findings of Pearson’s correlation test showed that there was a direct significant and positive relationship betweensocial capital andits dimensions and happiness level. The extent of social participation had the most strong relationship (r=0.548) with happiness followed by social trust(r =0.435) and social cohesion (r =0.331). Results: results of the present research suggested that social capital dimensions accounted for 25 percent of variance in happiness in a way that social participation and social cohesion respectively had themost and the least influence on happiness also amongbackground variables, age and marital status had significantrelationships with happiness.

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The success of developmental interventions due to its complex and multidimensional nature and reaction of the people against its effects, in most cases require to pay attention about social background of that actions. Social impact assessment (SIA) can be called the management of developmental plans impacts to sustainability especially in the social dimensions and its purpose is a level of development that minimize the cost and maximize the benefits of planned interventions on human societies. Public participation has crucial role in SIA and show under what conditions people are ready to co-operation with developmental plans. So assessment requires to understanding of the views of people that affected by the developmental interventions and socioeconomic and political context of this interventions. This research meanwhile investigating the philosophy and theoretical foundations of SIA, has analyzed its role in development of social partnership and empowerment of people, using knowledge and information of all actors, dialogue, negotiation and transparency in project management and conflict management between stakeholders. The results show that this participatory approach try to create good interaction between the social system actors and increase their power to influence on the local and national relations in developmental programs that result of such area, is human and more sustainable development in society.