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School Bullying is a complex, widespread issue involving students for years however this psychosocial phenomenon has gained attention among researchers from 1980s. Most of the researches on bullying are mainly done by psychological perspective, thus this study tries to highlight the social factors associated with bullying. Given the aim of the study, three of the most famous criminology theories: General theory of crime, Differential association theory and General strain theory (GST) were chosen as the theoretical framework and three types of bullying (verbal, physical & social) were considered. Based on the theories It has been hypothesized that there is a positive correlation between low self control and bullying, differential association and bullying and general strain and bullying. The population of the study consists of all the high school students from first to third grade in Sari's urban area. A total of 410 persons were selected by stratified random sampling proportional to size. The results showed that 7.6 percent of the respondents never involved in bullying. 65.4 percent of students have bullying in low level, 22.2 percent in moderate and 4.9 percent of those in high extents. Also boys bully more than girls. Multiple regression analysis results also show that the variables low Self-control, differential association, and general strain are the strongest predictors of bullying.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the social phenomenon of bullying among faculty members. In this way, various aspects of these issues were tried and presented with respect to the context of the institution of university in Iran. The present study was conducted within the framework of the qualitative approach and using the fundamental theory research method (with a Strauss and Corbin system look). For data collection, informative media, in-depth interviews and informal interviews were used. Selection of information media of the research was done purposefully and using sampling strategies with maximum variation and theoretical sampling. The research media included 32 faculty members  of comprehensive universities in Tehran. Data analysis was performed in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding.. According to the findings, the phenomenon of bullying in faculty members' relations in Iran's higher education has verbal, physical, or psychological and social dimensions(Phenomena). This phenomenon has arisen due to organizational and individual circumstances(Causal Conditions) and resulted in reactions such as avoidance, conflict, acceptance(Strategy). These reactions have been affected by the responses of the authorities, the persistence and common beliefs (intervening conditions), structure and academic culture (context), resulting in occupational, personal, social and economic vulnerability(Consequences)