---

Social capital is a form of capital along with economic and cultural capital by which the individual can access to the available resources and support within different groups and society. The main purpose of the present research is to examine the different levels of social capital among men and women. It is assumed that men and women enjoy differential levels of social capital due to the cultural and social differences and gender inequalities. The study is a secondary analysis based on the data gathered by Iran University of Medical Sciences, World Health Organization, Tehran Municipality, and Jihad Daneshgahi on 2008 within the project called Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool. The sample is 20670 people aged over 18 years old who live in Tehran. The results indicate that there are no significant differences between men and women in terms of family social capital. However, significant differences are found between men and women in the mean of peer social capital. Men enjoyed higher levels of peer, neighborhood, and total social capital compared with women.

 

---

Today, we observe changes in women demands and needs in society which they are aimed to realize their lost right, and achieve the gender equality. The present research has been done to study socio-cultural factors affecting the gender inequality, and variable, including democracy ideology, gender stereotyp beliefs and gender socialization have been researched. In this research, the gender inequality theories of feminists, Chafts gender inequalities views and Bordiew theory have been used. The statistical population of this research included women aged 20-49 of the Esfahan city that 385 of them were chosen as a sample. The sampling method is stratified in this research. The research findings indicated that the rate of gender inequality specially in cultural- economical dimentions is in favor of men. Also, there is no significant relationship between the gender streotypes beliefs and patriatich ideology and the gender inequality. However, the findings showed a significant relationship between the socialization style and gender inequality.

---

This article presents research-based evidence to explore the major patterns and determinants associated with gender stereyotypes. The article employs the combined model of Macionis (2001) and Taylor (2003) in order to measure gender stereotypes. The discussion of this article is based on a survey conducted in rural and urban areas of Mahmoudabad in Mazandaran Province. The saple includes 400 males and females aged 15 years old and over. According to the results of this analysis, two key points can be addressed. First, the presence of stereotypes among males and females is mainly explaind by gender accordance. Second, stereotypes are significantly associated with age, education, religiosity, and rural-urban residence.

---

All cultures in a variety of ways, according to historical experiences, worldviews and religious, religious, and other factors within their culture, form specific content for folk beliefs in relation to everything their around. These beliefs can be about heaven, earth, nature, animals, death, the life of plants and humans. One of the folk beliefs that human beings have shaped during its cultural history are stereotypes about the gender of men and women. Because human history was based on patriarchal structure in most cultures, male or female gender beliefs or stereotypes usually tend to be more in direct women. Of course, there are differences between cultures about the forms of representation of folk beliefs towards women. Folk representations are in fact language games expressed in sentences, stories, proverbs, and so on. This paper tries to explain and analyze the representation of folk beliefs about the representation of gender based on the qualitative method of collecting popular beliefs and quantitative methods in the attitude toward informal believes among the students of Mazandaran University

---

Textbooks content along with istruction prepare students to accept roles tailored to their gender characteristics. The purpose of this studu is Content analisis of Iranian primary school textbooks based on gender roles with an emphasis on occupations. The method used for the content analisis in present study is Shannon's entropy and the unit of analysis is text, questions, exercises and images that investigated in all of 3725 pages were reviewed. Statistical population was 9 textbooks subject matter  including Persian texts (reading), Persian texts (writing), Sciences, Heavenly gift, Quran texts, Mathematics, Social studies, Thinking and research, Occupations and technology. Also sample was eight textbooks subject matter  including Persian (read), Persian (writing), Science, Heavenly gift, Quran, Social Studies, Thinking and research and  Occupations and technology. The results showed that in elementary school textbooks reproduced out-of-home and income-based jobs for men and home-based job reproduced for women
 

---

 
  
 
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the tendency toward fertility and its social and cultural factors. Fertility and tendency to it are a multifaceted variable that is studied in various sciences. In this research, sociological dimension has been addressed. The dependent variable is a tendency to fertility and independent variables are divided into two parts: social variables (women's education and employment) and cultural variables (gender preference and gender equality). The statistical population of married women aged 20-44 is Tehran. The sample size is 384. The research method is scrolling.In the theoretical framework, the modernization theory, the McDonald's gender equality and the cultural rationality, and cultural evolution and cultural environment   have been used. And data analysis is done using spss software. Spearman correlation and regression and path analysis were used. The results showed that there is a significant statistical relationship between social variables such as education and employment of women and cultural variables such as gender equality and gender preferences and fertility tendency, and in the results Regression showed that education was 15.3%, and female employment was 12.8 and gender preference was 11.5 of changes in fertility tendency.  

---

 
Power structure in family plays important role in formation of favorable relationships between family members and can guide the process of dialogue. The present study intends to explore power structure by emphasizing how dialogue is formed in the context of Yazdi families. Based on the type of research question, qualitative methodology and considering the process of the problem, grounded theory method was used. Using theoretical sampling, 31 couples from normal families in Yazd were selected and interviewed in depth.The collected data were analyzed using open, axial and selective coding. In open coding stage, the analyzed data were presented in 60 secondary categories, 25 main categories and core category entitled "Crystallization of complicit Patriarchy in Family dialogues". In axial coding stage, the research paradigm model and in selective coding stage, the theoretical scheme of the research was presented. Explaining the results shows that power structure in family, although still applied in the gendered public space, but have been some changes. These changes are often accompanied by a shift from hegemonic patriarchy to complicit patriarchy and dialogue in this context is accompanied by compromise or initial  transition from complicit patriarchy.

---

 
abstract:
 
The purpose of writing this article is to thematically analyze the news of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics by emphasizing gender and presenting an indigenous model of its related components using the theories of experts. The text of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic event is in Shargh 1400 newspaper (August 1 - August 17) which is a purposeful sampling, first based on commonalities, related themes, main and finally the central themes of each category of the research subject and identified in Finally, the network draws and analyzes topics related to what gender representation is in the Iranian media. Findings show that concepts (hegemony, sports metaphors, surrealism) play a key role in depicting gender representation. In the organizing themes in the form of sports hegemony, the sub-themes such as gender discrimination were used, in the organizing themes in the form of sports metaphors, the sub-themes of the words men and women were formed, and in the organizing themes in the form of distorted reality. Hegemony is a form of support for the dominant male ideology that leads to economic, social and cultural inequality for women. Also appears. In the findings related to sports metaphors, the words of the encounter are different in men and women, and in fact, magnifying or distorting information about a real event of sports reporting (Kimia Alizadeh competition), causes another trace of the original reality in TV reports or There is no press left. This research can be a good model with a holistic, systematic and long-term view of the sociology of Olympic sports
Keywords: thematic analysis, Olympic 2020 news, gender, representation, Media

---

---

---