---

 

This paper deliberates on how the results from assessments of social impacts should be applied for analyzing studies. On the other words, The question is that how a researcher should comprehend different but related impacts in a systematic way. And which methodological paradigm should be chose on this systematic framework in designing social researches? Inspired by Pawson and tilly (1997), the article tries to add critical realism implications to the research design of social impact assessment studies. The critical realism paradigm by emphasizing on the organic links between different levels of reality and the way in which causal consequences appear, could be a useful theoretical and methodological framework for guiding social impact assessment studies.

---

In the Iranian traditional culture, women's employment is not considered as a necessary matter because men are responsible for supplying the economic needs of family. On the other hand women’s interests and capabilities do not limit to the domestic activities and they can act beyond their domestic roles and much of them are interested to participate in the socioeconomic activities. Recent researches show that for Iranian women the social and psychological profits of employment have been more important than economic autonomy which it brings. Hence in this research we have tried to recognize the different aspects of this issue using the knowledge and experiences of executive managers. We choose these managers from the organizations of Tehran city. The research data has been gathered by interview. The findings show that all the managers believe in the economic, social and psychological importance of women’s employment but women had more emphasis on the economic necessity and men had more emphasis on the social necessity of women’s employment. Moreover most of the managers believed that women's employment has both individual and socio economic benefits so we need to remove the structural and cultural obstacles of women’s employment and provide the appropriate conditions for their optimum employment.

---

This study tries to provide a virtual image of the structure and design of Facenama, Cloob, Facebook and Google+ social networks. The main question in this study is which variable or variables are differ in the structure and design of social networks of Iranian and non-Iranian. Content analysis has been used in this study. Content analysis is a research method to describe the objective, systematic and quantitative manifest content of communication messages used. Overall, this study showed that most of the real images, personal pictures, lots of charm, design web format, fixed format, output format, content, text and images, colors and texture, heat and cold, and emotional attraction for color, many comments, more than 10 Comments, iconic landmarks and layering of different materials used in the structure and design of social networks.

Also, there is a significant correlation between the actual picture type, color, format, content production, layering content and comments with social networks of Iranian and non-Iranian.

---

The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the compliance status of the cultural identityof the members of the social network Face book case study of Tehran University's undergraduate student majors. This paper reviews the status of student commitment to social network facebook, the facebook components and indicators of cultural identity. This paper is exploratory and the results of a survey. The subjects of this study are students of Tehran University undergraduate courses. The data collection techniques used questionnaire and structuralism theories of Anthony Giddens and Stuart Hall's Representation. The findings suggest that membership and participation in the community of single women aged 20 to 22 years compared with men in Face Book more. Sense of belonging to the Persian language، Friendship is based on values ​​and norms, Choose dress and makeup according to the values ​​and norms، respect to different cultures and nationalities Notes and Comments on Face book Students will adhere to the cultural identity of anecdote on Face book On the other hand, students who disagreements with their religious norms - National and tend to less their use of religious symbols and sayings، Interest in learning Linguistic terms Common on Face book suggest a Cultural identity is a lack of to adhere to students. Cultural identity indicates that the content of the benchmark to evaluate students on Face book, change, comparison, and selection is located.

---

This paper is based on path analysis of effective factors in media socialization, based on the five models in theory of V. Schramm. The population is audiences of media’s message of 18-years old and up in city of Zanjan, 227,790 people. Sample is368 people, based on method multi-stage cluster sampling& quota. Findings based on the Pearson correlation coefficient indicates that process of media socialization in cyberspace, especially in the area of advertisements internet & satellite networks, the was male audiences also high motivation follow & also are high attitude of advertisements. Meanwhile, there are not significant differences between male & female audiences of media persuasion, economical value, selection of adverts advertising. In the case of multiple regression & path analysis of factors Affecting audiences media socialization, for goodness of fit of the theoretical model, based on value of beta 64% of change in audiences media socialization, depends with increasing of media persuasion, increasing of motivation follow, depreciation of economical value, increasing of adverts selection & increasing of attitude of advertisements, between the female audiences in city of Zanjan living in Housing Impersonal, With High-Volume Sampling of Households.

---

Thisstudy investigatesthe impact ofthe Internet onMulticulturalIdentityamongUniversity Students. The main objectiveof thisresearch istheoretical and empiricalstudy ofthe relationship between theInternet andMulticulturalIdentity.In order toachieve this objective, Stuart Hall's theory about Media Communication andMulticulturalIdentityand Manuel Castells' theory about the Internet andNetworkSociety, are studied as Theoretical Framework of Research.The populationstudiedincludes the studentsof Kashan State University and Kashan Medical Sciences Universityin 2013-14 school year (Equivalent to 9540people), that amongthis population, using Cochran's formula, 380people are selected, as theSampleSize. The results of hypotheses tests of this study suggest that there is meaningful and directcorrelations between the variable of Multicultural Identity and the variables of Duration andextent of use ofthe Internet, Proficient inthe use ofinternet, The UseofInternet Scientific Sites,The Use ofInternetArtSites, Shopping Internet Cultural Goods and The Use ofVirtualSocial Networks. Also, the results of theRegression Analysis, shows direct impact of the variables of Social Virtual Networks, The Use ofInternetArtSites and Duration andextent of use ofthe Internet onthe variable of Multicultural Identity.

---

Thisstudy investigatesthe impact ofthe Internet onMulticulturalIdentityamongUniversity Students. The main objectiveof thisresearch istheoretical and empiricalstudy ofthe relationship between theInternet andMulticulturalIdentity.In order toachieve this objective, Stuart Hall's theory about Media Communication andMulticulturalIdentityand Manuel Castells' theory about the Internet andNetworkSociety, are studied as Theoretical Framework of Research.The populationstudiedincludes the studentsof Kashan State University and Kashan Medical Sciences Universityin 2013-14 school year (Equivalent to 9540people), that amongthis population, using Cochran's formula, 380people are selected, as theSampleSize. The results of hypotheses tests of this study suggest that there is meaningful and directcorrelations between the variable of Multicultural Identity and the variables of Duration andextent of use ofthe Internet, Proficient inthe use ofinternet, The UseofInternet Scientific Sites,The Use ofInternetArtSites, Shopping Internet Cultural Goods and The Use ofVirtualSocial Networks. Also, the results of theRegression Analysis, shows direct impact of the variables of Social Virtual Networks, The Use ofInternetArtSites and Duration andextent of use ofthe Internet onthe variable of Multicultural Identity.

---

The main question of this paper is about the electoral behavior of university students, as one of the main indicators of political development, and the role of social on this matter. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between social networks and electoral behavior among the students of the University of Isfahan. Method of collecting and analyzing the data is survey method. This study was conducted on 174 male and female university students To collect data, a questionnaire was used to validate the formal method, and its reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and the data were analyzed using SPSS software under the Windows environment. The social network is divided into three dimensions, construction, interactive and functional, with regard to the three aspects of the electoral behavior of watching, medium and active it can be seen that the greatest impact of social network features and functional characteristics of the students had little impact on voting behavior.

---

The ability of public spaces in attracting people is resulted that have been considered as a container for formation of social capital. Therefore this study is an attempt about the relationship between public spaces and social capital in different aspects and according to explanatory framework and deductive reasoning for testing the assumptions of the theory. The main assumption of the study has been organized on the bases of physical and social aspects of space which impact over social trust and participation contingent factors such as social networks. In this way explanation between social capital and public spaces has been performed by Polynomial regression test in SPSS and MATLAB. The analysis is on the bases of 384 sample size which has been derived according the cochran Q test and in a random sampling method. The gathering instrument was questionnaire in public spaces within the selected community contexts of Amol.

 The results indicates that the physical dimensions of (space) and social (activity) in public spaces affect the norms and social networks as a dimensions of social capital. Also all indicators of social capital is positively associated with the acceptance of public space and has established a positive 65.3% correlation. Therefore, improving the physical and social conditions of public spaces result in a positive way on social capital at the community level scope (areas).

---

هدف این پژوهش، مطالعه جامعه شناختی رابطه کارگران، کارفرمایان و دولت در تنظیم روابط کار صنعتی است. گفتگوی اجتماعی سه جانبه در روابط کار صنعتی ایران تحقق نیافته و همواره این رابطه درگیر تنش‌های مختلفی بوده است. بررسی این رابطه تنش آمیز (اجتماعی – فرهنگی) در بنگاه های اقتصادی زمینه مطالعات میان رشته ای را فراهم می کند. نظریه های جامعه شناسی به تبیین علل بروز این تنش‌ها از ظهور انقلاب صنعتی تا رشد صنایع در قرن بیستم پرداخته‌اند..مثلا مارکس به تبیین این رابطه از نظر تحلیل طبقاتی پرداخت؛ نظریه پدر سالاری، روابط سازمانی، نظریه حدوث و گفتمان فوکو نیز این رابطه را از زوایای دیگری بررسی نموده‌اند، که راهنما و لنز نظری محقق در توصیف و درک تاریخ معاصر روابط کارگری و کارفرمایی ایران بوده‌اند. این تحقیق به دنبال پاسخ گویی به این سؤال اصلی است که وضعیت گفتگوی اجتماعی در روابط کار صنعتی کنونی ما چگونه است؟ یافته های این تحقیق بر اساس روش تحقیق کیفی چندگانه و از طریق مصاحبه عمیق فردی، گروهی متمرکز جمع آوری شده است. که بیان گر این امرند که در حال حاضر از یک سو وجود تشکل‌های مختلف کارگری و کارفرمایی، ضعف هماهنگی در بین آن‌ها، عدم تمرکز در بین تشکل‌های کارگری و کارفرمایی و نرسیدن به یک دستور مشترک عامل مهمی در عدم برقراری گفتگوی اجتماعی در محیط کار است. از سوی دیگر با استفاده از نظریه گفتمان می‌توان بیان کرد که تولید و درک مختلف معنایی از گفتگوی اجتماعی توسط کنش گران مختلف در روابط کار صنعتی نیز سبب کنش‌های متفاوت و متعارضی شده که گفتگوی اجتماعی را با چالش مواجه کرده است. نگرش پدرسالارانه کارفرمایان به کارگران وجود گفتگوی اجتماعی را به ضرر منافع جمعی دانسته، تشکلات مختلف کارگری نیز قادر نبودند حول مساله مشترک خود به اجماع برسند و همین امر موجب طرد گفتگوی اجتماعی شده است، همچنین منفعت طلبی کارفرمایان سبب شده تا هیچ تفویض اقتداری از سوی آن‌ها به کارگران در محیط کار صورت نگیرد، به نظر می‌رسد که کنش‌های دو طرف بر اساس اصل کنش عقلانی و منافع جمعی انعکاس یافته، اصل گفتگوی اجتماعی را نقض و به جای اینکه هر دو طرف بخشی از منافع خود را معطوف به طرف دیگر نماید تا منافع مشترک به حداکثر برسد، در صدد به حداکثر رساندن منافع خود هستند، پدیده ای که به آن تنش و تضاد در روابط سازمانی و صنعتی گفته می‌شود

---

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of social networks on political activism among students was Esfahani. Actors, ability and having the will and the ability of social action and the use of tools, symbols, signs in the context of social values, and mechanisms in technologies, for mutual communication. Political actors in dialogue and collective behavior within the range of interests, institutions and social networks, formation and expansion of civic participation and political action of the web 2. The method used in this study is a survey. Techniques of data collection was a questionnaire whose reliability is the formal method - content and its reliability was measured by Cronbach's alpha statistic. The research population consisted of all undergraduate university students that volume 384 samples were selected by cluster sampling. The data collected and analyzed using spss software was analyzed. The results of the analysis of the data showed that social networks and political action in case there is a significant relationship.

---

National identity is a subjective sense of belonging to a specific national group, which is accompanied by a complex set of cognitions and emotions that express one attitudes towards this  group and other national groups.This study aims to study the social  and cultural factors related to national identity among over 15 year old citizes of Eghlid by the theory of  Castells as theoretical framework. The  method of this study was quantitative survey with questionnaire. 400 young people (over 15 year old) in Eghlid city by multistage cluster sampling were elected and were analyzed. The validity of questionnaire by face validity were obtained and reliability of research was verified by Cronbach's Alpha.Base on findings among 8  hypotheses in the study, 7 hypotheses were verified. Multivariate regression has shown that rate of religiosity (22 percent), age (6  percent), the communicative network expansion (5 percent) and rate of using media (3  percent) have explained 36  percent of the variations of dependent variable (national identity). 

---

addressing the relationship between the social capital and its dimensions with the social security is the aim of the current study. The research method is descriptive- explanatory and survey that has been done by using a questionnaire with interview. The above 18 residents of Kerman city constitute the research statistics population that it was chosen 384 persons using the Kookran formula and multistage cluster sampling method. It was used Spss16 to analysis the information and Pearson test, regression analysis and path analysis to examine the hypothesis.

The findings show that the social security of responders is in the middle. There is a significant relationship between the strong social trust, social support and social network. While there was not a significant relationship between the membership in voluntary institutes and trade-off norms with the social security. The results of regression analysis show that the independent variables can explain 12 percentages of the dependent variables changes, totally. Moreover, the results of path analysis show that the trust dimension can be generalized amongst the social capital and the instrumental support have the most effect on social security.

---

This research suggests a methodological improvement to study social capital in online social networks. We have designed a measurement tool based on Lin's theory of social resources. It is named Social Village and can be accessed in (http://socialvillage.me). By this tool, we are getting access to profile and friendship data of users of online social networks (Facebook and Google Plus). To access this data, we ask for users’ permission by social login and we have designed a gamified and interesting social survey that helps users get an in-depth knowledge of their online life. This tool combines three structural generators for social capital data (name, position and resource generators) and it has been developed in three languages (English, French and Persian) enabling us to conduct comparative studies. Based on our results presented in this report, 412 users in sample of our study know who they are connected with in online social networks, they know their friends’ socio-economic positions and they are providing or receiving various resources through their online friendships and their level of social capital is signifacntly correlated with their activities in online social networks and some other variables that are discussed in the report.

---

This study aiming to identify and gender analysis of the factors influencing adolescents’ (12-19 years old) tendency to use the internet, in terms of the purpose, is practical and the method of data collection is descriptive-survey. The sample size is calculated as 220 people using Cochran formula and sampling is appropriate as simple random classification. The data is mainly collected by questionnaire which its validity is approved by formal validity, and its reliability by Cronbach’s Alfa (= 0.81). Data analysis is done by statistical data and annalistic tests (chi-square, Pearson, Independent T, and Expletory Factor Analysis).  Results Show that there isn’t any specific relationship between the gender and amount of internet use. The most important factors which encourage them to use this media are “improving social relationships”, “drawing attention and feeling identified”, “gaining the capability of today’s world”, “experiencing freedom and equality”, and “user friendliness of the space”, which except the second and third factor, other factors have meaningful differences between girls and boys. 

---

Expansion of virtual networks and the Internet has become a major challenge to the traditional forms in which socialization takes place. The aim of this study was to explore the virtual socialization of adolescent students in high schools in Sari, Mazandaran, Iran. The statistical population of this study included all high school students in Sari. The sample population consisted of 380 students selected through multi-stage cluster sampling method. The survey method was used in this research and the data was collected through a questionnaire. The results indicated that the degree to which the students were virtually socialized varied. 64 percent of them showed average socialization, 14 percent high, and 22 percent of them low socialization. The results of multivariate regression analysis, showed that “personal integrity requirements” (β = 0/82), “escape- from- reality requirements” (β =0/4), “social cohesion requirements” (β= 0/35) had greatest impact on the virtual socialization. In addition, the coefficient of determination showed that the independent variables of the study explained 43% of the variance in the dependent variable (virtual socialization). The results also showed that gender did not make a significant difference in the virtual socialization of the adolescent students.  

---

Present research sets its goal on investigation of effects of CLOOB social network on member’s social identity. To do so,It’s used the mitture of sociological and relational theories.In order to data collection, it’s used measurement and online questionnaire technique.This study’s statistical community are member’s of CLOOB social network Regarding time limitation and high amount of population in statistical community, volume sample was selected through 385 people Cochran formula with accidental way of sampling.To count indicator validity it’s used formal validity and to count calcvlating indicators, it’s used Cronbach Alpha.Data analysis is done by using SPSS application and data is analysis desecriptive statistics and inference.In descriptive part.it’s used analysis of on variable a descriptine parameters and in inference pait,it’s used 2variabales to test assumptions and multi-variabae Regression to make clear the amount of effect of each independent variable on user’s social identity.The most important findings of this research believe CLOOB channel is one of the reasons that causes the simplicity of acceptancc in increasing & relativity.This change caves the raise of halo holiness of some traditional identity values and rethinking on it.As this research has shown. CLOOB’s member’s are too affected by its atmosphere and they have found their social identity

---

With the development of human societies and the promotion of human social needs for a better life and also restriction of residential space for doing some of them, necessity to participate in  Communal spaces For doing some human activities is utmost important. Cultural centers provide fertile ground for developing social sustainability, because of having informal spaces and programs along with other functions. The aim of this paper is Understanding social sustainability indicators in contemporary cultural centers and presenting analysis Models of this indicators. The studied population in this study is Cultural centers of Tehran that 5 of them were selected in targeted sampling form. The Research Methodology that used in this study is based on practical purpose and have Descriptive - Analysis nature. Information collected in the two documents as well as library studies and field observations have been made.and also for evaluating and prioritizing presented indicators in analytical model, Network analysis (ANP) was used. Results revealed that among the main criteria obtained from investigation, “The mental environmental component” And "objective environmental components" have most importance in achieving social sustainability in cultural centers.

---

As a general diplomacy arm of the Islamic Republic of Iran, VoSiMa has extensive activities in international broadcasting of its radio and television programs. These programs are broadcast in different languages, such as English, French, Azeri, Arabic, and ... for regional and transnational audiences. The large volume of the organization's international activities is in the form of news and news programs. Three Al-Alam TV channels, Press TV and Hispanic TV channels broadcast news in Arabic, English, and Spanish. In this paper, with a comparative study of international news networks and their performance analysis in the area of ​​branding for the media, a proposal is proposed to integrate the brand of the International Broadcasting Network (IRIB). Based on the proposal, these three networks will continue to operate alongside the International News Network with a name and brand, and each will be known as a branch network of English, Arabic, Spanish and Persian. This can be achieved through the creation of an integrated brand management, which will strengthen the brand's value in the international audiovisual organization.

---

The main objective of this research is the sociological study of the impact of social influences on electoral behavior in Iran's presidential election among citizens living in Mazandaran province. This research is descriptive-analytic and survey is carried out using a researcher-made questionnaire. Using Cochran's formula, 384 individuals were selected as sample size and then statistical sampling was done in a multi-stage sampling method. The theoretical framework of research based on the level of sociological theories has been categorized in three theoretical and operational levels (micro, macro, and median). Field surveys show that women and men, singles and married people differ in terms of electoral behavior, and in terms of location differences There is no difference in living in a city or village and its impact on electoral action. In terms of belonging to job groups and respondents' educational level, there is a significant difference in the type of behavior and participation rate in the elections. Age and income have a reverse and significant relationship with the behavior of the participants in the survey, and the variables of value preferences, media, Social networks, social institutions, social trust, social order, national and religious identity also show a meaningful relationship with electoral behavior.