---

In the Iranian traditional culture, women's employment is not considered as a necessary matter because men are responsible for supplying the economic needs of family. On the other hand women’s interests and capabilities do not limit to the domestic activities and they can act beyond their domestic roles and much of them are interested to participate in the socioeconomic activities. Recent researches show that for Iranian women the social and psychological profits of employment have been more important than economic autonomy which it brings. Hence in this research we have tried to recognize the different aspects of this issue using the knowledge and experiences of executive managers. We choose these managers from the organizations of Tehran city. The research data has been gathered by interview. The findings show that all the managers believe in the economic, social and psychological importance of women’s employment but women had more emphasis on the economic necessity and men had more emphasis on the social necessity of women’s employment. Moreover most of the managers believed that women's employment has both individual and socio economic benefits so we need to remove the structural and cultural obstacles of women’s employment and provide the appropriate conditions for their optimum employment.

---

Values are considered the most powerful determinant factor in the cultural and social system of societies and play a crucial role in explaining, controlling, directing and predicting individuals' acts. Therefore, based on the Ronald Inglehart's theory of value transformation, the present paper intends to examine the condition of peoples' value orientation in order to investigate the relationship between social and economical changes and the type of value orientation. The data were obtained from 31 qualitative interview by individuals with the age range of 18 and above in Bandar Abbas. The analysis of the data revealed that 51.6% of respondents had material value orientation, and 41.9% of them have both material and meta material value orientation while only 6.5 % of them have meta material value orientation. Furthermore, the results show that younger individuals, and also individuals with higher education give more priority to meta material values. Therefore, it may be concluded that in the population investigated for this study, people prefer material values because their basic needs have not been fully satisfied. Moreover, it appears that Hormozgan is still experiencing the hard dimension of development and it is still far away from soft dimension of development. In addition, findings of the present study show that there is a relationship between variables such as social trust, social interaction, and universalism and the type of social value orientation.

---

The issue of migration and its sequences have been debated as one of the important social and demographical issues. Due to rapid economic and social changes in recent decade, natural geographical and demographical characteristics of the West Azarbayjan province, have been in constant change. Regard to importance of understanding migration characteristics in different provinces, we aim to analyze the trend of migration currents in West Azarbayjan province from 1355 to 1390.

Methodology of this research is Secondary analysis and we used the 1355 to 1390 census data. The statistical group consists of those entered or exited the West Azerbaijan province in 1355 to 1390. In 1355 census, the West Azerbaijan province was an out- immigrant and net- immigration of -3936, and in 1365 and 1375 census was an immigration and net-immigration rate is +3297 and +1497 respectively. Based on 1385 and 1389 census, the net immigration was -26509 and -13881, so the province once again became a out -immigrants. Tehran, East Azerbaijan and Kurdistan had an important effect on the immigration currents of this province whereas together they absorbed more than 50% of these immigrants.

---

The technological andcommunication-information changes is a manifest feature of contemporary era. The society and culture hadn’t been exempted from these changes either. By developing communication and information technologies, many social and cultural aspects also have been changed. In this study, we attempted to study and analyze the relationship between foreign text and audio media and value system of Shiraz’s youth and teenagers. For this purpose, 400 adolescents of Shiraz were selected based on multi-stage cluster sampling and answered to the questions of researcher-made questionnaire. The dependent variable of the research included different categories and a range of values composed of eight categories namely native, national, global, religious, economic, scientific, social/cultural, and familial values. The foreign text and audio media also was analyzed in detail. The findings of the study showed that there is a meaningful relationship between foreign audio media and five values namely native, national, religious, economic and social/cultural ones. In addition, a meaningful relationship was observed between text media and social/cultural values. 

---

Globalization as a new source of historical change, has changed our social - cultural lifeworld in a manner distinct from previous forms. The paper based on Ingelehart periodic change theory and the theory of Bollas generation formation, has evaluated the difference in generational identity in the light of globalization experience and processes. Accordingly, the paper argues that the formation of generational mentality and experience in the era of globalization is distinct from traditional identification patterns and hence the construction of social identity and lifestyle of children more than their parents' generation is confronted by objects coming from globalization. Methodologically, this study has been conducted Using the survey method through questionnaires between the two generation groups  in the city of Sanandaj (Kurdistan, Iran). The research findings indicate that lifestyle  in children generation is affected by norms and global objects more than parents' generations. Globalization of lifestyle by factors such as "consumption norms", "spending the leisure", "family behaviors", " language belongings" and "values and beliefs" is observed among the generation of the children more than generation of parents. The results also indicate that adherence to the global lifestyle is observed among the high educated classes of society more than less educated classes. 

---

Investigating the factors affecting the tendency toward unmarried joint life among youth in Tehran
In this paper, we have examined a new kind of life, namely cohabitation (two unmarried girl and boy living together) which has expanded in our country for several reasons in recent decades. Also 20 boys and girls who have experienced cohabitation relationships in Tehran are interviewed. The research method used is grounded theory. Using the concepts and categories obtained during the coding process, the causes of the tendency towards unmarried cohabitation have been analyzed and a paradigm model of these concepts and categories has been obtained. The paradigmatic model illustrates the impact of globalization as a major issue on the formation of pre-married cohabitation. Also, based on the presented model, it can be concluded that changing religious values among young people, structural changes in society and changing lifestyles that have been shaped by the influence of globalization among people in the community, especially young people has been provided the basis for the formation and expansion common living home among the young generation.
 

---

The present study examines the dynamics of survival and expression values ​​among employees of Ilam city departments.  The statistical population of this study is employees who have been employed in Ilam city offices in the year (1357-1397).  Sample sampling method was used according to population size. The sample size was estimated to be 384 people through Cochranchr('39')s formula. The data collection method is a questionnaire that was prepared based on Inglehartchr('39')s standard questionnaire with regard to its ecology. The results of the study showed that gender and employment status had an effect on the tendency to survival values ​​among employees, and men were more likely than women to tend to survival values, and the employment status of others was more effective in survival value orientation.
The findings also showed that gender, employment status, education level and age of employees did not affect the tendency to express values ​​and only the view of employees of dual generations and work experience in the tendency to expressive values ​​and this basis the second generation is more inclined to There are expressive values, and employees with more work experience are more likely to show expressive values.
 

---