---

The issue of migration and its sequences have been debated as one of the important social and demographical issues. Due to rapid economic and social changes in recent decade, natural geographical and demographical characteristics of the West Azarbayjan province, have been in constant change. Regard to importance of understanding migration characteristics in different provinces, we aim to analyze the trend of migration currents in West Azarbayjan province from 1355 to 1390.

Methodology of this research is Secondary analysis and we used the 1355 to 1390 census data. The statistical group consists of those entered or exited the West Azerbaijan province in 1355 to 1390. In 1355 census, the West Azerbaijan province was an out- immigrant and net- immigration of -3936, and in 1365 and 1375 census was an immigration and net-immigration rate is +3297 and +1497 respectively. Based on 1385 and 1389 census, the net immigration was -26509 and -13881, so the province once again became a out -immigrants. Tehran, East Azerbaijan and Kurdistan had an important effect on the immigration currents of this province whereas together they absorbed more than 50% of these immigrants.

---

Though in most of the countries such as Iran the emphasis has been on rural-urban emigration, the result of censuses show emergence of new current of internal migration with the form of reverse migration or counter-urbanization in recent years in Iran. For recognition and best analysis of reverse migration, 12100 reverse migrants in demographic and economic characteristics, determinants and reason of migration with 23700 metropolis migrants as a result of two percent sample of 1390 census have been studies comparatively. Findings show that in demographic-economic characteristics, age-sex combination, marriage state and head of household, education, and the kind of employment, there is significant difference between reverse and metropolis migrants, the most affective of these differences is migrants’ employment. The superiority of skillful migrants in agriculture and ordinary labor in reverse migration and other professions in metropolis migration has caused migrants’ jobs explain two of three of occurrence changes in under-analyzed migrations. Natural and bio-environmental features of rural and deep structure, economic, commercial, political of metropolis have caused the reverse migrants who entered rural of diverse states and migrants who entered metropolis (Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Karaj, Tabriz, Shiraz, Ahvaz and Ghom) have diverse social, economic features and reasons for this migration

---

some rural-urban migrations, especially in countries and regions with strong kinship, tribal, community and ethnic relationships, have led to the creation of ethnic businesses within which entrepreneurial and business elites emerge. In some cases, the financial resources of these people return to their native villages and lead to rural development. Therefore, this research seeks to find the strategies that these migrant entrepreneurs use for rural development. This research is a qualitative study based on the principles of grounded theory. The results indicate that emigrant elites have developed strategies such as the formation of developmental and support institutions, the formation of collective business networks, mutual support, and people’s participation. These strategies have led to the investment in birthplace, developmental measures, and interest in improving youth employment and have affected the development of studied villages. The results also showed that the spirit of demanding progress and the need for success, modeling early pioneer immigrants, attachment to birthplace, the pursuit of ethnic businesses, positive view towards the village, the measures of early migrants, etc. have been important in the creation of immigrant elites and entrepreneurs.