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Showing 17 results for Urban
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Volume 2, Issue 4 (5-2014)
Abstract
The family as a social institution has experienced dramatic changes during recent decades. These changes had influential effects on the situation of the members, especially children, within the family. Using the data from the “Time Use Survey”, conducted in urban areas in 2008 and2009, this paper aims to analyze the effect of the mother's employment on the achievement of human capital by children aged 15-19 years. Findings showed that children of employed mothers spend more time in human capital achievement activates than the others. This is in consistent withpreviousstudies. It reflects the fact that the income generated from the employment is invested in children'shuman capital.Further analysesclarified thatthe effect of the mother's employment ties with the effect of her level of education. Most employed motherswere highly educated as well. The combination of the employment and the education showed to have stronger effect on the human capital achievement. The positive effects of the mother's occupational rank, and hours spent on paid-work also revealed the positive effect of income on children's human capital achievement.
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Volume 4, Issue 2 (11-2015)
Abstract
Under the influence of urbanization, socio-cultural and economic factors diversity change of the people lifestyle. Preferences of people demonstrated in leisure activities, clothing, nutrition, body management, architecture and interior layout is smart homes. This study aimed to examine social factors, cultural and economic impact on the lifestyle of the inhabitants of the villages has become a city in Khorasan Razavi Province khaf and Roshtkhar done. Theoretical research is based on theories of Ibn-Khaldun, Bourdieu, Giddens and Cheney have been developed. Survey and Data has built a questionnaire. The results show that lifestyle changes in Nashtifan and Salami influenced by cultural factors and economic factors have caused in Jangal. The test research hypotheses show that among participation of social, political and administrative organizations, ways and means of communication network, the spirit of individualism, identity and relationships, indirect and secondary classes as agents of social, cultural and educational facilities, media consumption and cultural capital as cultural factors, consumerism, shopping, tend to speculative interests, fading support joint economic prosperity as economic and lifestyle factors, there is a significant relationship.
Dr. Vahid Shalchi, Abbas Jong,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (8-2016)
Abstract
This article examines the relationship between space, class and capital in the city of Tehran. The main aim of this study is to show how the country's capital is moving into the housing and real estate sector in Tehran, and Tehran urban land areas become suitable place for the reproduction of the capital and also the relationship between the urban classes and urban areas affected by the function and the performance of the capital. The theoretical approach of this article is mainly influenced by the David Harvey's approach. The Method of This article based on secondary analysis of data which produced by Official centers such as the Iran’s Central Bank and the Municipality of Tehran. Results show that shifting unequal national production into the housing sector and also the real estate market in Tehran and besides the creation of economic inequality in the housing and real estate market based on the cost of housing in household budget and also the geographical distribution of different classes and groups creating unequal urban spaces in contemporary Tehran, which this process, in a Marco sphere, leads to the reproduction of social inequality and stratification.
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Volume 6, Issue 3 (2-2018)
Abstract
the main purpose of this research is identifing the most important factors influencing urban poverty and provides guidelines for the release of this problem and improves and empowers the residents of slums. The research method is analytical – descriptive with emphasis on pratical and survey method. According to the evaluation and analysis of VIKOR model which rank to the factors of poverty, Many factors (physical, economic, social, cultural, environmental) are at inappropriate level. In Evaluation of urban poverty, physical indicators with an average (0.166) at top priority, economical indicators with an average (0.327) at second priority, social- cultural indicators with an average (0.398) at third priority and environmental indicators with an average (0.570) at forth priority. Spatial patterns of poverty in the city of Khorramabad based on results of studies has a diffused pattern which recently has been oriented to cluster and centralized pattern. The correlation between social classes and Residential problematic tissue areas in distressed areas of Khorramabad shows that the lower classes and low income people is mainly living in the distressed areas in city that decade by decade dragged to the south and the margin of town.
Azar Eskandari, Mehdi Nooripoor,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (5-2018)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate upgrading rural to urban areas and its effects on social development indicators the Sistan Region. A causal-comparative research method was used for this purpose. Research instrument was a pre- structured questionnaire. The research population consisted of 2,851 households from different districts of Sistan Region which a sample of 333 heads of households obtained through stratified random sampling technique. The validity of the questionnaire was verified using face validity procedure and its reliability was also calculated between 0.81 and 0.91 using Chronbach's Alpha Internal Consistency Coefficient. Moreover, some analysis techniques such as paired t- test, independent t- test and covariance were used to analyze data. The results showed that social development indicators have declined during the last five years in both rural and urban areas. Furthermore, there was no positive and significant relationship between upgrading rural to urban areas in one hand and promoting social development indicators in the other hand.
Ardahaee Ali Ghasemi, Reza Noubakht, Shafiee Ghodrati,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (8-2018)
Abstract
Though in most of the countries such as Iran the emphasis has been on rural-urban emigration, the result of censuses show emergence of new current of internal migration with the form of reverse migration or counter-urbanization in recent years in Iran. For recognition and best analysis of reverse migration, 12100 reverse migrants in demographic and economic characteristics, determinants and reason of migration with 23700 metropolis migrants as a result of two percent sample of 1390 census have been studies comparatively. Findings show that in demographic-economic characteristics, age-sex combination, marriage state and head of household, education, and the kind of employment, there is significant difference between reverse and metropolis migrants, the most affective of these differences is migrants’ employment. The superiority of skillful migrants in agriculture and ordinary labor in reverse migration and other professions in metropolis migration has caused migrants’ jobs explain two of three of occurrence changes in under-analyzed migrations. Natural and bio-environmental features of rural and deep structure, economic, commercial, political of metropolis have caused the reverse migrants who entered rural of diverse states and migrants who entered metropolis (Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Karaj, Tabriz, Shiraz, Ahvaz and Ghom) have diverse social, economic features and reasons for this migration
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Volume 7, Issue 2 (11-2018)
Abstract
This research with the aim of explaining Status of Urban Neighborhoods Enjoy in Access to Services Landuses (Commercial- Services, Educational, Hygienic-Treatment ,Religious- Cultural, Recreation-Sport and Green space) it was taken in the 10th neighnorhoods of Khormoj city. The aim of this study is applied and descriptive-analytic method used in it in which the use of resources for library -documents, analyzed and evaluated the levels of development areas in the study area during the 19 indicators. The spatial distribution of service landuse it was measured utilizing techniques Gray correlation coefficient analysis and Shannon entropy and The results showed that in all the landuse, public services in the city of khourmoj, has no relation to the areas of distribution and this disparate.
The results also showed that the 8th Neighbourhood of Khormoj, In terms of access to services and urban development, has a better position than other areas and neighborhoods 4, 5, 3 and 7, due to a lack of space distribution in public services ,as well as impressive differences with other neighborhoods ,they are in the category of deprived areas.
Dr Farzin Mahmoudi Pati, Mr Sajjad Fallahzade,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (11-2018)
Abstract
The concept of participation and its application in various sciences particularly urban planning has been considered by thinkers and experts since several decades ago. The experience has proved that the participation to conduct urban affairs causes improving the efficiency, assigning the cost toward social priorities and fundamental projects. Nowadays, necessity of citizenship participation to enhance the physical and social condition of the cities is not inapparent over anyone. the main purpose of this article is to explain the direct/indirect relationships among the most key of urban participation barriers in Iran. To this end, it is used the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and Matrice d’Impacts Croise´s Multiplication Applique´e a´ un Classement (MICMAC) analysis under fuzzy environment. The ISM method is interpretive as the judgment of a group decides whether and how the factors are related. It is structural as an overall structure is extracted from the complex set of factors on the basis of relationship amongst the elements of the system. The article research method is descriptive and analytical so that its part of descriptive included the literature review of urban participation barriers and problems in Iran, and its part of analytical encompassed the explanation of relationships among the barriers.
Akbar Talebpour, Marjan Mojaheddini,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (4-2019)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of integrated urban management in improving crisis management and improving the quality of public services to citizens. In order to conduct this research, Integrated urban management theory, Urban crisis management theory, Public services theory and the relationship of Integrated urban management theory with Public services theory have been used.The statistical population in this research is the managers of municipal, regional and crescent management organizations in Tehran, which has been studied among 22 managers of 22 areas of Tehran and 28 managers, assistant and director of Red Crescent as the statistical community of choice. To collect information, a questionnaire was used which its validity was confirmed by expert opinions and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. For data analysis, t-test and multiple regressions were used. Results showed that integrated urban management on crisis preparedness preparedness, the speed of service delivery, and the quality of service delivery, inter-agency coordination, planning and delivery Matte effect is needed in crisis situations.
Mohammad Azami, Dr. Iradj Asadie, Dr. Mohammad Reza Haqjoo,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (4-2019)
Abstract
The aim of this article is to formulate principles and criteria that help us in justice-based evaluation of urban development plansand modification of them to achive urban justice. this research is based on the research review methodology, as well as content analysis of urban development plans of the US and the UK. in this article, to proposed six general criteria for formulating the conceptual framework, use the philosophical perspective on the definition of justice as well as use of justice approaches in urban planning. these six criteria are: need, defferende principle, equality, diversity, discourse community and urban capability. The proposed criteria conform to substantive and procedural justice in urban development plans. In this article evaluation of justice i the content of urban develioment plans has been considered. Based on these criteria, main goals are defined within five significant fields in urban development plans: land use, housing, public utilities, transportation, economic and public services. Finally, we suggest, based on review and analysis of content of different development plans, strategies and policies to consider and ensure justice in urban development plans.
Rostamali Pakdamankoleti, Mahmoud Mohammadi, ,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (11-2019)
Abstract
Urban development plans are provided with a surface attitude to the economic, social, and physical dimensions of cities in Iran.. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ecology of urban development projects in Iran. This is a case study of urban constructs with a social approach and phenomenology. The research questions are follows as: 1. What are the implications of the existing rationality for urban development projects and people living in Iranian cities? 2. What are the proper methods for preparing for implementation of urban development projects in Iran, considering the philosophical basis of thinking in Iranian society? The hypothesis is not focused on the nature of towns and cities, the plans to guide them, or not. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the information gathering is done by documentary and field questionnaire in the sample of Likert spectrum. Which is analyzed using software (SPSS). The results of the research show that the system of rationality governing the preparation for implementation of urban development plans is less suited to the existing system of rationality in Iranian society
Malihe Amani, Dr Mohammad Esmaeil Riahi, Dr Mahmoud Sharepour,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (4-2022)
Abstract
In this study, it was sought to achieve a typology related to women's activism in urban spaces of Tehran using a qualitative approach with the phenomenological strategy. Data was collected using in-depth, semi-structured interviews and field observations. Purposive sampling with maximum dispersion was utilized. The sample consisted of 30 women living in Tehran who were interviewed by visiting several crowded points in the north, south, east and west side of Tehran. Data was analyzed using Thematic Analysis. According to the results, women's activism in the spaces of Tehran were classified into economic, social, cultural, sports and leisure activism and dramatic and abnormal activism. Women's activism in each of these areas varied according to their social, economic, and cultural status and capital. Results suggested that the existing structure in urban spaces of Tehran has caused women to be creative and active in some areas, such as leisure activities as well as in relation to the type of clothing and behavior in urban spaces despite the pressures and restrictions. Also women's activism is passive and more in line with the existing structure of some areas like economic domains. However, increasing women's presence in various domains of urban spaces can be the basis for many changes and transformations, which demands structural and cultural changes and changing attitudes towards the status of women, recognition of their capabilities and giving attention to their needs and desires in urban spaces of Tehran, also creating conditions for healthy employment and women's active and creative activism in various spaces of Tehran.
Pooya Afghannezhad, Abolghasem Heydar Abadi, Seyed Ahmad Jafari Kelarijani,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (10-2022)
Abstract
This study has investigated the environmental behavior of tourists in the coastal cities of Mazandaran province. For this purpose, the theory of environmental culture of Georges Tomé and Bourdieu's cultural capital have been applied as the theoretical framework. The statistical population are tourists from the coastal cities of Mazandaran. The sampling method is a multi-stage cluster and the sample size is 400 according to Cochran's formula. The tool for data collection is a researcher-made questionnaire. The method of data analysis is Pearson's correlation coefficient, path analysis and regression analysis using SPSS software. Face validity was used to measure validity and the variable reliability of environmental behaviors was 0.851, which is very high and its items were able to have the necessary internal consistency. The test results show that the average of environmental behavior patterns among people is high and its average is 4.05 out of 5. About 10.3 percent of their environmental behavior is low, 9.7 percent is medium, and about 80 percent is high. There is a significant positive and direct relationship between the amount of urban participation, cultural capital and environmental awareness with environmental behavior. Independent variables explain and predict 35.6 percent of the variance and changes in environmental behavior. The result is that in order to strengthen, promote and develop responsible behaviors towards the environment, it is necessary to raise the level of cultural capital, expand environmental awareness and increase urban participation among tourists.
Mohammad Ghanbari, Mohammad Ajzae Shokuhi, Mohammad Rahim Rahnama, Omid Ali Kharazmi, Salman Al Hasan,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (10-2022)
Abstract
Livable cities are places for social life, the creation of beauty, the presence of all residents in the public space without pollution and traffic. Social principles and its values have a special position in livable city. The thresholds of social satisfaction and identity values are very important in livable city. The main goal of this research is analysis on Mashhad metropolis livability with emphasis on culture and social sustainability indicator. The research method of this research is practical in terms of goal, and is descriptive – analytical in terms of methodology. Based on the GIS Software, maps related to the status of each of objective sub-indicators according to the limits of Mashhad metropolis's zones were drawn. For mental indicator, including 15 questions, questionnaire have been applied for a sample size of 402 persons in all zones of Mashhad. The results of this research show the zone Samen (13) of Mashhad metropolis is the best zone in terms of culture and social sustainability indicator, followed by zones 8. By contrast, zones 2, 4 and 7 have the worst conditions in terms of culture and social sustainability indicators.
Mr Mohammad Ali Amirpoorsaeed, Dr Mahmoud Sharepour, Dr Sedigheh Lotfi,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (5-2023)
Abstract
The increase of social capital in long term has important effects on the mentality of the residents of the neighborhood, mutual trust, solidarity, participation in neighborhood affairs, etc., and when achieved, the quality of life in the neighborhood grows accordingly. In this regard, the present study, an attempt has been made to measure the amount of social capital and the level of quality of life among the residents of the neighborhoods of Rafsanjan city with a sociological approach and survey method, and finally to investigate the effect of social capital on their quality of life. In this research, all the residents aged 18 years and older are part of the statistical population, and according to Cochran's formula, 383 people have been selected by cluster sampling method proportional to the volume. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire, and the description and analysis of the data has been done using Spss software. The results of the research findings show that there is no significant difference between women and men in terms of the amount of social capital and quality of life, but there is a significant difference between income groups and the amount of social capital and their quality of life. Also, there is a significant difference between the different periods of people's residence and the amount of social capital and their quality of life. The results of multiple regression analysis show there is a correlation of 0.508 between research variables. Also, about 25% of the dependent variable changes are predicted by the social capital variable, and among the components of social capital, trust has the greatest impact on the quality of life of city residents.
Dr Malihe Amani, Dr Mohammad Esmaeil Riahi,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (11-2023)
Abstract
The change in lifestyle is affected by modernity and increased awareness which has caused the increased tendency of women to be present in public and urban spaces. Using a qualitative method and a phenomenological strategy, this study sought to investigate women's socio-cultural problems and limitations in urban spaces of Tehran. The sample consists of 35 women between 20 and 67 years old living in Tehran in 2021 who were interviewed by visiting several crowded points in the north, south, east and west of Tehran. Purposive sampling with maximum dispersion has been applied. According to the results, the social-cultural problems and limitations of women in connection with urban spaces in Tehran are the feeling of insecurity in urban spaces, the appearance of poverty and lack of vitality in urban spaces, the non-recognition and acceptance of women in the public spaces of the city, people-oriented spaces , the objectification of women in terms of sex, the presence of unpleasant male behaviors, family restrictions on the presence of women in urban spaces, gender norms, structural restrictions on the presence of women in some public spaces and the use of certain vehicles and values and norms of noble woman, affected by economic and cultural capital and district of residence, as well as work and transportation. In addition, women react differently to the obstacles and limitations. By resisting the facing challenges in urban spaces, women seek to achieve creative and effective civic activism. In order to realize this objective, institutions such as families and education shall act to change attitudes and gender relations and develop the culture of acceptance of women in public spaces.
Daryoosh Jahani, Azim Ali Shai, Fateme Tilgooy Bege Jan, Mr Mohsen Moini Nasab,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (3-2024)
Abstract
Street violence is one of the types of violence in the society that occurs between individuals every year, based on statistics and newspapers. It takes a number of victims and its consequences have a destructive effect on the cultural-social situation of every country. In this research, the aim is to examine the factors effective on violence in the urban space of Ardabil. This study, in terms of methodology, is in the category of "descriptive-analytical" and paradigmatic (quantitative and quantitative) researches, and it is an applied analysis. The effective ground on the trend of violence in the urban atmosphere in the city of Ardabil. In this study, the documentary method as well as the field method (survey with the statistical community of citizens aged 15 to 64 in the city of Ardabil) based on the census of 2015 (529,374 people) and 376 people were selected as a sample by simple random sampling through the Kochran formula method has been used in four regions of Ardabil municipality. Also, Mic Mac software was used to identify key research factors. The results show that factors such as institutionalized conflict in the community, low tolerance of citizens, misbehavior with people and financial loss have had the greatest impact on verbal violence in the city of Ardabil. The institutionalization of conflict in the society is a matter of daily violence. Therefore, it is necessary for the programmers to have education and skills in the field of communication and interaction with citizens, take scientific and practical steps.
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