---

The governance is an approach that it is for participation of village people and making decision of them about plans and administrative and developmental planning for village people. If the presented experimental research and theories is a compound of rule, social capital is very important. On the other hand, social capital is a useful field of achieving a management and rule in order to unify and secured social life. The aim of this study is the investigating into the effects of social capital in rural governance (Ardabil villagers). The performance method of this study was descriptive- survey and the required information were collected by library and field (questionnaire method). Statistical society of this study were residents above 15 years old of Ardabil villages that they were 123264 people and there has been used from Cochran formulate for measuring the volume of statistical sample and sample volume were selected 383 people. There has been analyzed data by using SPSS software. The results showed that although there is a significant relationship between various dimensions of social capital in village governance, but there are multiple regressions.

---

This paper is an attempt to suggest an alternative theoretical apparatus for sociological analysis of modernity in Iran. The sociological analysis of modernity in Iran often has based on presuppositions of classical sociology and Modernization theory. The evolutional approach of these theories prevents the achievement of adequate explanations for modernity in Iran. Multiple Modernities approach has presented an analytical framework for crossing the limits of Modernization theory in the analysis of modernity, but also this approach suffers from some ambiguities and shortcomings: scrutiny of S. N. Eisenstadt’s theory of Multiple Modernities shows his ignorance of the impact of imperialism, colonialism and otherness processes in the extension of modernity from European countries to other parts of the world. The role of creative agency in the development of modernity in non-western societies is also underestimated in his work. Another problem in his theory is related to the level and the units of analysis. Regarding above issues, this paper tries to move forward from the theory of Multiple Modernities and suggests a multi-level theoretical apparatus for the analysis of modernity in Iran. This theoretical apparatus analyzes modernity in five levels contains world system, colonial confrontation, societal modernity, modern social movements and modern agency.​

---

This study aimed to assess the impact of agricultural development projects on social isolation. Issues and concerns of the researchers in this study, according perpetrators of development projects on the economy of the local community in particular and the national economy, economic self-sufficiency in agricultural production and optimize the use of water in general and forgetting social and cultural impact of the project, In which called the impact on the local community. Research methodology is based on qualitative approach, strategy of induction and grounded theory made by using techniques of in-depth interviews, participant observation, focus group discussions and researcher five-year lived experience. The sample of research was choice by targeted sampling, to determine the theoretical saturation. Data analysis has been done as well as thematic analysis and the three-step data encoding method. The findings suggest a series of conditions and factors driving strengthen the bond of community with broader communities including urban and rural, and therefore the local community based on the conditions and driving factors removed from social isolation. These findings have been associated with the concepts of Dauers dilemma consolidated view and a confirmation emphasis on its content.

---

In this article, we examine audiences’ interaction with news media.  The main question is what the status of news and news media is in the everyday life of the audiences. For this purpose, using semi-structured interview method, 29 individual and group interviews with 54 Tehran citizens from different age and sex groups were conducted.
 Results show that the news presence in the audiences’ everyday life is ritual. The experience of news absence makes this rituality more apparent. Interviewees simultaneously confront with news from both domestic and foreign news televisions (which are contained established official discourse in Iran and rival discourses) because of five specific reasons and uses: access to the reality of an event, access to knowledge about rival discourse, coercion and monopoly, trust on news of domestic and foreign televisions, attraction and professionalism. In addition, the pattern of news consumption among Tehranian audiences can be categorized into five levels: weak, medium, strong (discrete - purposive, continuous, non-purposive, and continuous- purposive). Moreover the level of trust on media among people who have a strong relationship with the media is low due to the variety of available discourses.

---

the main purpose of this research is identifing the most important factors influencing urban poverty and provides guidelines for the release of this problem and improves and empowers the residents of slums. The research method is analytical – descriptive with emphasis on pratical and survey method. According to the evaluation and analysis of VIKOR model which rank to the factors of poverty, Many factors (physical, economic, social, cultural, environmental) are at inappropriate level. In Evaluation of urban poverty, physical indicators with an average (0.166) at top priority, economical indicators with an average (0.327) at second priority, social- cultural indicators with an average (0.398) at third priority and environmental indicators with an average (0.570) at forth priority. Spatial patterns of poverty in the city of Khorramabad based on results of studies has a diffused pattern which recently has been oriented to cluster and centralized pattern. The correlation between social classes and Residential problematic tissue areas in distressed areas of Khorramabad shows that the lower classes and low income people is mainly living in the distressed areas in city that decade by decade dragged to the south and the margin of town.

---

  this article
studies the use of cultural spaces in Tehran. Cultural spaces in Tehran have seen changes in parallel with other city spaces over the past two decades that
In this paper, we tried to address the features of the new spaces.These changes are physical, content and functional.The two campuses of cinematic Azadi and Mellat are the subject of this study.This research is in a qualitative way and by Using the two tools of interview and observation.

In the same vein, Henry Lefebvre's French philosopher and sociologist (1901-1991) have been used to analyze the findings.
 

---

 Evaluation of Application of Institutional Anomie Theory in Iran
This research studies the consequences of changes in the mechanisms of society and especially social institutions that have been affected by the trends of social change such as modernization, industrialization, urbanization, bureaucratization and etcetra in Iran. One of these consequences that was investigated in this article is the institutional anomie. In this research, institutional anomie in Iran have been analized with a historical approach and using of secondary analysis of data, mainly secondary historical documents and researches on development programs and social pathology as well as some national surveys in Iran, and comparison with concepts of institutional anomie theory and has been shown its incorporate. The results indicate the growth of individualism, materialism, the erosion of social capital, the domination of the institutions of politics and economics on the institutional balance of power and the institutional imbalance in Iran.

---

Introduction: Drying away has threatened Urmia Lake in recent years. Fading away of this lake can negatively affect the nature, economy, population structure and, all aspects of the region in general. Meanwhile, beside the natural cuases, all inhabitants around the Urmia lake have affection in shrinking of this lake and on the other side, will be affected by collapsing of this lake.So, this research has done to findout the effective sociological factors in relatedness with nature of Urmia lake between citizens of Urmia city.
Methodology: The method of this research is survey. Population consists of all Urmia citizens with the age of 15 and older than that. 384 people were selected through Cochran formula as sample. Random sampling selected as the method for sampling and a standard questionnaire used in gathering data. Spss software used in analyzing data.
Conclusion: The resuls shows that: relatedness with Urmia Lake is related with age, social capital and its subtypes. Also, results of regression analysis showed that independent variables can provide 24 percent of the relatedness with Urmia Lake.
Key words: Nature Relatedness, Urmia Lake, Social Capital, Citizenship Rights, Media.
 

---

One of the approaches of sociology is <>. It has been noticed in other sciences too, communication is the base of this approach. It is named as a capital beside the other capitals( human, secular, physical and …). Its principle components are normativism, trust, and comm::::union::::. The concepts of social capital can be found in old thinker's opinions; amongst Sa'di who was acquainted whit his time communities life because of several journeys. Golestan as a moral_ educational oeuvre is reporter of real society of Sa'di. This paper has checked the comm::::union:::: component in Sa'di's Golestan predicatively with qualitative and quantitative content analysis and has shown that, of the of the comm::::union:::: indices, social comm::::union:::: has had the highest frequency and in terms of comm::::union:::: type, tool comm::::union:::: in which there is the personal incitation footmarks and taking the gain, has the most frequency. The comm::::union:::: based on job repartition is in the secondary position and bound comm::::union:::: in which there is expectance of mutual help is the third kind of comm::::union::::. The frequency of these comm::::union::::s regarding Saljukian, Ghaznavian, and Muguls' post invasion realities which is the moral and secular demolition world of Iraian social life is natural

---

The research instrument is questionnaire. This questionnaire is composed of 36 indicators in three categories of variables economy, culture and environment. To ensure validity, the questionnaire was placed at the disposal of experts to evaluate the reliability of the results was 903. Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal Data analysis have done by using SPSS and AMOS software. Single sample T-test has been used for examining the research hypotheses and Freedman test has been applied for ranking the effects of development of ecotourism. The results showed that between the economic, cultural, environmental, the most important dimension is economic, cultural and environment are in their next orders. According to the results of T-test, average number of respondents to the effect of tours on economic variable is significantly higher than the average number of this component. Hence, the hypothesis is confirmed and it can be inferred that ecotourism tours have affected economic of Damavand. In investigation of the effect of   social and cultural variables, the results of the test demonstrate effectiveness of ecotourism tours on the studied region and finally the results about environmental effects has confirmed this effectiveness.

---

In today's world, sports in terms of championship and professionalism needs new ethics. Thus, in the present applied research, the development of ethical values ​​in the Iranian championship sports was designed and analyzed using the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). A sample of 150 elites and experts in the field of ethics and sports was chosen. For validity of the questionnaire, the formal and content validity method was applied and the reliability of the questionnaire was determined through Cronbach's alpha. Given the qualitative status of ethical values, the application of the fuzzy method is closer to reality than other methods. In this way, the degree and quantitative amount of moral values ​​were calculated through the software MATLAB. The inputs of the model included discourse and consequentialist ethics. Given the high correlation between network inputs and outputs as well as the error rate, the ANFIS model is an optimal model for developing and predicting the virtue ethics values, with its best mode when the the consequentialist ethics values are low.

---

The aim of this study was to investigate upgrading rural to urban areas and its effects on social development indicators the Sistan Region. A causal-comparative research method was used for this purpose. Research instrument was a pre- structured questionnaire. The research population consisted of 2,851 households from different districts of Sistan Region which a sample of 333 heads of households obtained through stratified random sampling technique. The validity of the questionnaire was verified using face validity procedure and its reliability was also calculated between 0.81 and 0.91 using Chronbach's Alpha Internal Consistency Coefficient. Moreover, some analysis techniques such as paired t- test, independent t- test and covariance were used to analyze data. The results showed that social development indicators have declined during the last five years in both rural and urban areas. Furthermore, there was no positive and significant relationship between upgrading rural to urban areas in one hand and promoting social development indicators in the other hand.

---

With the development of human societies and the promotion of human social needs for a better life and also restriction of residential space for doing some of them, necessity to participate in  Communal spaces For doing some human activities is utmost important. Cultural centers provide fertile ground for developing social sustainability, because of having informal spaces and programs along with other functions. The aim of this paper is Understanding social sustainability indicators in contemporary cultural centers and presenting analysis Models of this indicators. The studied population in this study is Cultural centers of Tehran that 5 of them were selected in targeted sampling form. The Research Methodology that used in this study is based on practical purpose and have Descriptive - Analysis nature. Information collected in the two documents as well as library studies and field observations have been made.and also for evaluating and prioritizing presented indicators in analytical model, Network analysis (ANP) was used. Results revealed that among the main criteria obtained from investigation, “The mental environmental component” And "objective environmental components" have most importance in achieving social sustainability in cultural centers.

---

The main objective of this study was to assess health literacy-promoting lifestyles of health and environmental behavior of employees is Payam Noor university. This study is practical and descriptive, correlational to collect information from both library and field is used to test the hypothesis population of employees Payam Noor university Bojnoord considered that the 100 is VAZ all numerical method is used. Research instruments were Packer et al (2001) with Cronbach's alpha coefficient /.89 And health promoting lifestyle Walker and colleagues (1987), with Cronbach's alpha coefficient/. 82. Environmental behavior Heidari (1394) with alpha /.87 All times Type face and content validity was approved by the professors was a experts. Results in two parts: descriptive statistics such as frequency tables, mean and standard deviation and inferential been set regression To test the hypotheses, Pearson correlation coefficient was used for the data analysis software.  SPSS version 20 Ast . The findings show that between literacy and health promoting lifestyles of health and environmental behavior there is a significant positive relation. Health literacy important role in health promotion staff apartments available to improve the health literacy of individuals can take steps to strengthen environmental health behaviors and behavior.

---

Introduction: Fundamental Reform Document of Education is one of the valid documents to show the socialization process of students, so it should pay attention, with no reduction, to science and religion aspects. According to this point the main question of the research is what's the discoursive position of the mentioned document in encountering science and religion?
Method: Since this study is documentary and based on analyzing text, it's done by using discourse analysis method, evolution assertion analysis, and qualitative content analysis. Its reliability is achieved through editing the categories by experts. Interpeting the data is based on the researcher's deduction and their compatibility with sociology of science theories.
Results: The fundamental evolution document used marked words and value metaphors in introducing the ideals, goals, plans and methods of promoting science, in contrast to the language of science which has changed scientific discourse into religious discourse.
Discussion: The fundamental evolution document recognized that the science learning process was based on the old methods of producing knowledge and the deficit model, and has not paid much attention to new ways of producing knowledge (Gibbons’ theory) and networking. The empty signifier of the fundamental evolution document is the "enculturational model" and "tacit knowledge".
 

---

Usually young generation in traditional cities grappling with several issues. Attractions modern life and the limitations of traditional life in limbo tendency to treat them with the new and traditional.In this regard, this article seeks to explore the issue of what factors influence students towards new behaviors among high school girls in Meybod. Research method was survey and Data collected by a questionnaire. The population of research were female high school students of Iran, Meybod in 2014-2015 academic year. Number of 384 students according to Cochran’s formula using  Random Stratified Sampling were chosen. Research instrument was approved by content validity and Cronbach’s alpha was used to evaluate the reability. tendency toward modern behaviors Has Measured in Four dimension(Tend toModernleisure activities,Tend toManagementbody, Tend toModernverbalbehaviorand Tend toRelationshipwith the opposite sex).Findings of the study showed that among independent variables Age, Socio-economic status, Field of Study, Individualism,Materialism,Secularism,Rationalism,Gender Egalitarianism,Parentsmodernization, Conformitywith friends had significant relationship with tendency toward modern behaviors. multiple regression showed that Six Variables included Materialism,Individualism,Parentsmodernization,Gender Egalitarianism,Age, and Socio-economic status are important variables for explanation ofteenagers’ tendency toward modern behaviors. Result of regression analysis showed that independent variables used in equation explain 42 percent of dependent variable variance.

---

Globalization as a new source of historical change, has changed our social - cultural lifeworld in a manner distinct from previous forms. The paper based on Ingelehart periodic change theory and the theory of Bollas generation formation, has evaluated the difference in generational identity in the light of globalization experience and processes. Accordingly, the paper argues that the formation of generational mentality and experience in the era of globalization is distinct from traditional identification patterns and hence the construction of social identity and lifestyle of children more than their parents' generation is confronted by objects coming from globalization. Methodologically, this study has been conducted Using the survey method through questionnaires between the two generation groups  in the city of Sanandaj (Kurdistan, Iran). The research findings indicate that lifestyle  in children generation is affected by norms and global objects more than parents' generations. Globalization of lifestyle by factors such as "consumption norms", "spending the leisure", "family behaviors", " language belongings" and "values and beliefs" is observed among the generation of the children more than generation of parents. The results also indicate that adherence to the global lifestyle is observed among the high educated classes of society more than less educated classes. 

---

 
The present study seeks to analyze the environmental and social consequences of the entry of petrochemical industry into local communities of around the Mahabad Petrochemicals Project. The used method is qualitative and the technique of information analysis is narrative thematic analysis. Data were collected using narrative interviews and the theoretical sampling method used to answer the research objectives, so 21 interviews with people who had lived experience with the project, executed. Interviews have been analyzed in two stages: Open (Primary and Focused) and Axial coding. The main themes from interviews in the social dimension are 34 original concepts under 9 main categories (decrease in local community cohesion, social divergence, decrease in social security, top-down development, lack of transparency and civil rights violations, decrease in mental vivacity of indigenous people, alienation with project, stimulating dissatisfaction of the people and the material benefit of some people). In the environmental dimension, 21 primary concepts under the 7 main categories (air pollution, pollution of land and products, reduced water resources, environmental breaking the law by petrochemical project, optical pollution, respiratory troubles and concerned about the future of the environment

---

The purpose of this research is to design and validate a model for implementation of environmental policy in Iran, which qualitative section with the help of methodology, the foundation or grounded theory of the researcher conducted in-depth interviews with 22 elites, managers and environmentalists in the country. The results based on the coding trials showed that out of 135 corresponding concepts, 26 subcategories were extracted that have a conceptual relationship with each other. In the axial coding step, all 11 subcategories were extracted from the axial categories, which were further abstracted These categories at the selective coding stage, a nuclear category, are described as "a successful implementation of environmental policy based on fictitious formulation based on the institutional and value-added alignment and coordination in which the development of environmental knowledge with the green management strategy and effective laws promote the development of a culture of life An environment becomes "that can be all over Cover other vlat. In the quantitative part that the extraction model is validated, the results of the constraining of the structural equation show that all of the extracted qualitative components have a direct and significant effect on the successful implementation of the country's environmental policy.
 

---

The research using multiple-group path and factor analysis investigates impact of social marginality on social health. The research uses survey methods collecting data through questionnaire. Research census is people between ages 18 and 29 in Kermanshah and Javanroud cities in Kermanshah province. With intersection of 3 variables including religion, sex and city, there were generated 8 subgroups. Using AMOS software, differences among these subgroups were analyzed. Total sample analyzing demonstrates that independent variables explain 50 percent of dependent variable. Also multiple group analysis shows that measurement and structural model of research are different among 8 subgroups. Sex, religion and city moderate the model and cause differences in latent variables, causal paths factor loadings among 8 subgroups.