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Seyyed Ali Asghar Hosseini Nozari, Reza Fazel, Hossein Kordi,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (1-2023)
Abstract
The main purpose of this research is how the merchants played a role in Iran's constitutional revolution in order to achieve extra-capital, until the formation of the second parliament. The research method in this research is historical and used to collect information from first-hand sources such as memories and chronicles and second-hand historical sources. Based on the findings of the research, merchants in the constitutional revolution, played a revolutionary role, using their economic-social capitals, and were able to play a major role in the victory of the constitutional revolution, achieving extra capital and forming the first parliament of the National Council. But merchants, after gaining extra capital and participating in the government arena (by winning about 40% of the seats in the first parliament), changed their role from revolutionary to conservative and reactionary, and the result was the closure of the first parliament by Mohammad Ali Shah. A passive role in the second constitution was the presence of 5% of merchants in the second parliament of the National Council and the loss of extra capital.
Ms Semiramis Shahesmaili, Mr Taghi Azad Armaki, Ms Farah Torkaman,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (1-2023)
Abstract
The fundamental changes during the last few decades have resulted in a variety of concepts and perspectives about the family. The present study provides a summary of the theories in the form of naturalist and constructivist by reviewing and detailing the theories. This study also clarifies the conflict over the position of the family and its future, as well as the theoretical logic of the current analyses in a more general horizon. In this study, the research layout is of a qualitative type and the theoretical approach of genealogy is conducted with a thematic analysis method and categorization technique. The theoretical reading of the family under the naturalistic type has resulted in the advent of the continuity-rupture duality which has formulated the bipolar type of the family in crisis or the ideal family. Furthermore, the reading of the conceptual space of the family under the constructivist type has led to an unprecedented definition including different types of perceptions of the family. Based on the research findings the naturalistic type in family sociology has led to the formulation of the continuity-rupture theories. However, its alternative approach namely the constructionist type has enabled the possibility to encounter family changes, not in the sense of rupture, but as a lifestyle change. This study is of paramount importance due to passing the theories of rupture and considering new possibilities in the theoretical return to the family.
Dr Ali Saei,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (1-2023)
Abstract
This study focuses on the cycle of authoritarianism in post-revolutionary Iran. The epistemic foundation of the pattern of authoritarianism dynamics in Iran is the democratization theory. This study claims that the democratization dynamics moves the Iranian society from the authoritarian regime to the democratic transition stage. In this process, the authoritarian regime collapses and the democratic transition period begins. In a very short time, the process of democratization in the transition zone gets stuck, and then gradually the historical trajectories move it toward authoritarianism. In response to the reproduction of the wave of authoritarianism, a revolutionary movement usually occurs. This movement leads to the collapse of the authoritarian regime. This study claims that a cyclical pattern has been prevalent in Iran during some historical periods. It means that Iran has experienced the democratization of the authoritarian system, but it has alternated back and forth between democratization and the authoritarian regime. The theoretical argument is that the cycle of authoritarianism is explained by a conjunctural causation. The causal conditions are the quality of political institutions and the agency of elites in power and social actors. Society moves towards authoritarianism if political institutions are exclusive and the agency of power elites is based on structural constraints on the opposition and social actors have structural limitations in their strategic choices. This study used a historical approach to the analysis of the authoritarianism cycle. The analysis resulted in the proposition that if the path of democratic reforms is closed, authoritarians choose the strategy of repression and radical actors choose the strategy of violence. In this case, the dynamics of authoritarianism will gradually lead to the stagnation of power, and then the force of radical actors will move the society toward the collapse of the ruling regime.
Shamsi Pourabasi, Jafar Kordzanganeg, Mansoor Sharifi,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (5-2023)
Abstract
Early marriage, which is known as a global problem, is still widely practiced in Khuzestan province and Ahvaz city. This qualitative study aims to discover and interpret the formation of early marriage from the point of view of married girls and has been conducted with a descriptive-interpretive phenomenological approach. The participants in the research have been selected by purposive sampling method and are interviewed in-depth using open-ended questions, and the information has been saturated with 22 participants. The data obtained after each interview has been analyzed with Smith's (1997) thematic model. Descriptive information obtained from the interview using the researcher's observations and notes and constant comparisons obtained 34 primary concepts, 11 sub-categories and 4 main categories. The findings show that four groups of contexts play a role in the formation of early marriage of women in Ahvaz city, which are: cultural contexts (belief in the effectiveness of early marriage, traditions of patriarchy and family marriage, and lifestyle in accordance with the conditions), social contexts (confirmation by marriage, expedient marriage and freedom from family problems), economic conditions (financial facilities for the marriage process,motivation to finance and freedom from financial problems) and personal factors (misconceptions about joint life and negligence and neglect of responsibilities) cohabitation). As a result of early marriage of women in Ahvaz city, it is mainly rooted in cultural and social contexts, then economic conditions and personal factors.
Taha Ashayeri, Mousa Saadati, Esmaeil Jahani Dolatabadi,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (5-2023)
Abstract
Conflict is natural and a characteristic of all social organizations. In governmental and non-governmental organizations, they are always faced with the problem of differences between human resources (managers-employees) at the headquarters and line levels. This happens in cooperatives and companies for various reasons. Based on this, the leading research aims to investigate the sociological factors affecting the occurrence of our differences between the worker and the employer. The research method is quantitative (survey). The sample size is based on Cochran's formula and 384 people have been selected by random cluster sampling. Friedman's non-parametric test has been used to rank the indicators. Descriptive findings show that the average age of respondents is 38.57 years, 25% of respondents are female and 75% are male, 92.7% have insurance history and 7.3% are uninsured. The results of Friedman's test show that among the psychological factors (lack of motivation at work, stress on the part of the parties and being stressed while doing the job and being quick-tempered when problems arise), in the dimension of individual factors (lack of communication skills, lack of proper employee-employer interaction, excessive work procrastination), in terms of occupational factors (a large amount of work and little time to do it, constant abandonment of work by the worker and repetitive and monotonous work), in terms of economic factors (insufficient salary to solve personal and life problems, Lack of incentives and rewards commensurate with the performance of human resources, non-payment of benefits and bonuses on certain days), in the environmental factor dimension (lack of environmental order and discipline, not observing work safety, wet environment), in the organizational factor dimension (lack of work contract, settlements prematurely, short-term contracts), in the aspect of cultural factors (ignorance of religious duties, lack of attention to Islamic and social values), in the aspect of social factors (lack of feeling of group support, not observing social affairs, low trust between colleagues) in the occurrence of differences among the worker-employer has had the greatest role and influence.
Sina Jalilpour Aghdam, Ahmad Mirza Kuchak Khoshnevis, Mehdi Khak Zand, 4- mostafa Masoudinejad,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (5-2023)
Abstract
Today, neglecting the social and environmental concepts in housing has caused constructions to be measured in the form of a quantitative relationship, that is, the quantitative and numerical relationship of humans economically with the physical dimensions of housing or the people living in it. Thus, considering social values and concepts such as justice in housing has been violated. Therefore, the current research, recognizes the sensitivity of the issue of housing and its role on people's perception of social justice, has found the necessity of payment in this field by relying on the relationship between three environmental, social and physical factors related to housing; with the aim of explaining the role of housing on people's perception of social justice in Tehran as case study. The applied research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative research. Data analysis is done with SPSS version 27 and Smart PLS version 3 software. Findings show that there is a significant relationship between all three environmental, social and physical factors (p<0.05). The direction of the relationship between all three factors is positive and the factors are correlated with each other and affect the citizens' perception of justice; in general, citizens do not consider the housing situation in Tehran fair.
Mino Gholamhossein, Yahya Qaidi, Saeid Zarghami, Ramzan Barkhordari, Ali Akbar Salehi,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (5-2023)
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the challenges of citizenship education based on the perception of Afghan immigrant students, with the aim of describing and interpreting the lived experiences of the components of citizenship education. The research method included the community of parents and students in the primary level of the 4th district of Alborz province, including 6 immigrant girls and 10 immigrant boys. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview that has been continued until data saturation and analyzed using the Strabert and Carpenter method. After analyzing the data and removing the common codes, a conceptual code that expressed the experiences of the participants was extracted and categorized into 10 main themes. The findings of the present research indicate that the responses of the interviewees can be classified in the areas of environmental protection, based on the analysis of the interviews, indicating the themes of environmental protection, rights and duties of citizenship, empathy, responsibility, respect for the rights of others, cooperation, discrimination, the spirit of seeking justice, criticizing and accepting criticism, and establishing communication are the themes. The themes of discrimination, empathy, cooperation, communication are the themes that the interviewees had the most challenges regarding the quality and quantity of it, according to the experience in education in Iran, is significant based on the analysis of the above themes, gender bias in favor of men and the marginal role of women is one of the distinct distinctions of the interviewees.
Yazdan Azami, Khalil Mirzaei, Bagher Sarukhani, Bahman Bayangani,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (5-2023)
Abstract
The relationship between man and the environment is always changing. Entering the age of industry and modernity, humans have changed their lifestyle based on instrumental rationality and with selfish and one-sided decisions, they have created many environmental crises that worry and worry the public in different societies and the environmental issue has become a global and social issue. In this regard, the current research has also been conducted with the aim of sociological investigation of factors affecting environmental activities. The research method of the current study is survey type. The statistical population includes all environmental activists in Marivan and Baneh cities, 385 of who were selected through Cochran's statistical formula and stratified probability sampling in order to collect information. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire based on the qualitative part of this research, and the data analysis software is SPSS software. The results of Pearson's r correlation test show that the correlation between all the independent variables of the research includes attitude towards environmental activity as a political matter, attitude towards environmental activity as an aesthetic matter, attitude towards environmental activity as an economic matter, attitude towards Environmental activity as a religious matter and attitude towards environmental activity as a health matter were statistically confirmed with the environmental activity variable at a significance level less than 0.01. Also, the results of the multivariate regression analysis indicate that the independent variables in the regression model have been able to explain and predict 65.4% of the changes in environmental activities. Meanwhile, the environmental activity variable as an aesthetic issue has had the greatest impact on the dependent variable.
Maryam Vahab, Mehrdad Navabakhsh, Soroush Fathi,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (5-2023)
Abstract
In this study, we are looking for a sociological explanation of women's approach to body management and socio-cultural factors affecting it. The target group of this study is the women of districts 1 and 17 of Tehran. In the current research method, the quantitative-survey method is used based on this, with the multi-stage cluster sampling method, 384 people have been selected as the sample size from the population of two regions, 1 and 17, and the necessary information has been collected using the questionnaire technique. The findings show that demographic variables and social factors with variables such as (social interactions equal to 0.0911, socio-economic base equal to 0.189, consumerism equal to 0.126) and cultural factors with variables such as (group reference values (0.116) are related to body management. It seems necessary to redefine beauty and change the perspective and attitude and create a new approach in redefining body management.
Mr Mohammad Ali Amirpoorsaeed, Dr Mahmoud Sharepour, Dr Sedigheh Lotfi,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (5-2023)
Abstract
The increase of social capital in long term has important effects on the mentality of the residents of the neighborhood, mutual trust, solidarity, participation in neighborhood affairs, etc., and when achieved, the quality of life in the neighborhood grows accordingly. In this regard, the present study, an attempt has been made to measure the amount of social capital and the level of quality of life among the residents of the neighborhoods of Rafsanjan city with a sociological approach and survey method, and finally to investigate the effect of social capital on their quality of life. In this research, all the residents aged 18 years and older are part of the statistical population, and according to Cochran's formula, 383 people have been selected by cluster sampling method proportional to the volume. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire, and the description and analysis of the data has been done using Spss software. The results of the research findings show that there is no significant difference between women and men in terms of the amount of social capital and quality of life, but there is a significant difference between income groups and the amount of social capital and their quality of life. Also, there is a significant difference between the different periods of people's residence and the amount of social capital and their quality of life. The results of multiple regression analysis show there is a correlation of 0.508 between research variables. Also, about 25% of the dependent variable changes are predicted by the social capital variable, and among the components of social capital, trust has the greatest impact on the quality of life of city residents.
Mr Saeed Rajabi, Dr. Soodeh Maghsoodi,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (5-2023)
Abstract
The study aims to the relationship between parenting style and mental health with addiction readiness of Kerman students. The present research is of a descriptive-correlation type and the statistical population included all male and female students of the secondary school in the 2nd district of Kerman in the year 1400-1401. Using Cochran's formula, 360 male and female students have been selected. The sampling method in this research is based on multi-stage cluster sampling. To collect information, questionnaires on readiness for addiction, parenting methods and mental health have been used, and Spss24 software applied for data analysis. The findings indicate that the level of mental health shows a significant difference according to gender, and according to the average obtained, boys have lower mental health than girls (p<0.05). There is a significant relationship between parenting styles and mental health of male and female students with readiness for addiction (p<0.05). Also, in the prediction of the effect of independent factors on readiness for addiction in male and female students, it is found that the variable of paranoid thoughts is the most important variable affecting readiness for addiction in both groups of student.
Professor Mostafa Khosravi,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (7-2023)
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between modernism and change in behaviour of girls. The research method is a descriptive-correlation type, which is carried out by a survey method. The statistical population of the research consists of all female students of Payam Noor University, Golestan province, with a number of 3,923. According to Cochran's formula, 241 has been randomly selected. The collecting information tool is researcher made questionnaires and the reliability of the questionnaire is found to be acceptable. Data analysis is done at two descriptive and inferential levels using SPSS and AMOS software. Findings show that the variable path of innovation and behaviour change is significant at the confidence level of 99% (b=0.58, p≤0.01). Based on this, it is concluded that with the growth of modernism components in the society, there is an increase of behavioural changes of female students at the society level.
Esmaeil Daviran,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (7-2023)
Abstract
Social capital is a widely used concept with a very broad structure, the main leaven of which is to create social solidarity and harmony for development in different territorial dimensions. Formative trust and participation and cohesion are the result of social capital. This research has investigated the social capital of student teachers of Farhangian University in the northwest of the country in an explanatory manner with an applied nature in accordance with the comparative approach. The method of data collection is based on the field method and according to the questionnaire, which examines the four dimensions of trust, participation, cohesion and social awareness. The statistical population is the teachers of Farhangian University in the campuses of Zanjan, Ardabil, East and West Azarbaijan provinces, out of about 10,500 students, a sample size of 370 students (using the Cochran method) is selected for the study. The method of data analysis is in the form of concentration radar model, sample T-tech, pair pursuit model based on Shafe and Friedman method. The findings show that the amount of social capital of students in the campuses of Farhangian University in the northwest of the country is in the average level, and based on the sample T-Tech test and Shefeh's follow-up model, there is a significant difference with a weak intensity with a confidence coefficient of 95% and a significance level of less than 0.05. Findings show that the social awareness index with a rank of 3.63 is at the highest level of desirability and Farhangian University of West Azarbaijan province with a rank of 3.24 has the highest level of social capital compared to other studied provinces.
Dr Mohammed Hussain Sarai, Dr Rrza Ahmadi,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (7-2023)
Abstract
As a representation, landscape is a particular way of seeing. landscape is not only an ideology, but a visual ideology and a power relation. The purpose of this article is to investigate how to use billboards and visual memorials to present the desired discourses and imagery of local governance in the urban landscape of Dezful. To achieve this goal, all the billboards and visual memorials of the city are studied in a semiotic and representational way. Then the studied cases in terms of imagery patterns were studied and the characteristics of each of them were examined to get a clear picture of the semiotic landscape and representative designs of the city of Dezful. The results of this research show that with the start of the war and considering the damage done to the city, the local government felt the need for a new image related to the role of Dezful in the war. After the war, imagery related to the clergy enters the urban landscape in a new and completely contextual way. After several decades of dominance of these two discourses, with the emergence of new necessities, emerging discourses such as cross-border resistance and historical also entered the urban landscape of Dezful. In this context, cities like Dezful engage in a kind of political-ideological marketing to show their role in the ruling discourse and its key events in a more important and key way.
Dariosh Ahmadian, Noormohammad Rezaei,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (7-2023)
Abstract
This research is done with the purpose of understanding the impacts of social –psychological factors on gap between environmental attitude and behaviour. The population involves citizens higher than 15 of Kermanshah city and using Cochran formula and multistage cluster, 410 people were selected as sample. Quantitative approach and the questioner have been applied. Descriptive findings show that Mean of the environmental values are moderate, efficiency variable are moderate to low and variable sense of attachment to place is moderate to high. The results of testing hypotheses show that significance correlation is seen between research variables with dependent variable. In other words, with increasing the Means of above variables, the gap between environmental attitude and behaviour is reduce. Results of regression analysis suggest that independent variables explain 11% of variance. However the above variables have significant correlations with the gap between environmental attitude and behaviour, but it should not ignore other concepts presented in various models and find the general and comprehensive model in this field.
Shahriar Jalili,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (7-2023)
Abstract
Recently, the association between religious beliefs and English language teaching (ELT) has gained great attention. Yet, when reviewing the literature in ELT, it becomes clear that studies have been mainly concentrated on other religions such as Christianity. However, the relationship between Islam and English language education has remained considerably under-investigated. This qualitative multiple case study is an endeavour to address this scholarly gap. For this objective, ten male and female Iranian Muslim English language teachers, including six male and four female, in Iran were selected through purposeful sampling. This study aims to investigate the link between religion and construction of professional identity. By using in-depth interviews as the main source of data, and following the principles of an inductive content analysis approach, the study indicates that Islam influences the participants’ professional identity in three ways, namely: (1) increasing the teachers' wellbeing, (2) affecting their relationship with learners, and (3) providing them with a sense of duty to preserve the students’ religious values. Finally, theoretical and pedagogical implications as well as future research direction are presented.
Taghi Azad Armaki, Zahra Khasto,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (11-2023)
Abstract
In reviewing the evolutions of sociological development in Iran, quantitative and qualitative changes have been considered as an important indicator in recognizing these developments. This paper, based on a generation approach, examines texts that have examined sociology in Iran. In the study of the meaning of sociology among generations, it is a question of how the approaches that have been studied in the past by sociology have and what have changed to date. Using content quality analysis methods, 186 written works have been reviewed and discussed specifically in sociology in Iran in the 70's and 80's. The dominant discourse on existing analyzes of sociology in Iran is developmental discourse with a pathologic orientation. The third and fourth generations see sociology as serving national development and solving social problems. But the new generation brings less prominence to politics and has a more tendency towards history and qualitative approaches in the study of sociology in Iran.
Batool Rostami, Yarmohamad Ghasemi, Khadijeh Zolghadr,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (11-2023)
Abstract
Arbaeen walking rituals is one of the phenomena that has become widespread in the last decades after the extensive support and propaganda of government institutions. The main goal of this article is to discover the consequences of this phenomenon. Methods: This research was conducted using Grounded Theory strategy and 49 Iranian pilgrims who marched in Arbaeen rituals were interviewed. Result: Finally, 26 appearance concepts and 10 categories were classified in the results section. Conclusion: According to the results of the research, the consequences of the walking rituals are as follows: the display of Iran's political power/defective governance/future challenges/behind the scenes challenges/reproduction of religion/change of religious lifestyle/expansion of social tolerance/personalization of religion/rethinking rituals/and development of origin and destination. As a result of these rituals, despite the positive consequences, it will require challenges at the origin and destination.
Mr Alireza Moradi, Ms Sana Nourimoghadam,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (11-2023)
Abstract
Today, one of the most common public health problems around the world is "domestic violence", which includes child abuse, spousal abuse, and mistreatment of the elderly. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting the incidence of domestic violence. This research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of its nature, is in the category of analytical research; its qualitative research method is of the content analysis type. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview, reference to documents, and the sampling method is a targeted method. The target population of this research includes the scientific and operational elites of the South Khorasan Police Command, including the board of directors, specialized police commanders, general operational managers and scientific professors, and all spouses of families who go to police station counseling centers due to family violence. The number of participants includes 27 scientific and operational elites of Birjand and spouses affected by domestic violence (due to reaching theoretical saturation). According to the obtained results and the analyzes made from the open, central and selective codings, the factors affecting in the incidence of domestic violence include economic, social and cultural dimensions. According to the investigations and the results of the present research, the need for the attention of the relevant authorities and the education of families and individuals to learn about the psychological and social consequences of violent behavior is more important than ever.
Dr Malihe Amani, Dr Mohammad Esmaeil Riahi,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (11-2023)
Abstract
The change in lifestyle is affected by modernity and increased awareness which has caused the increased tendency of women to be present in public and urban spaces. Using a qualitative method and a phenomenological strategy, this study sought to investigate women's socio-cultural problems and limitations in urban spaces of Tehran. The sample consists of 35 women between 20 and 67 years old living in Tehran in 2021 who were interviewed by visiting several crowded points in the north, south, east and west of Tehran. Purposive sampling with maximum dispersion has been applied. According to the results, the social-cultural problems and limitations of women in connection with urban spaces in Tehran are the feeling of insecurity in urban spaces, the appearance of poverty and lack of vitality in urban spaces, the non-recognition and acceptance of women in the public spaces of the city, people-oriented spaces , the objectification of women in terms of sex, the presence of unpleasant male behaviors, family restrictions on the presence of women in urban spaces, gender norms, structural restrictions on the presence of women in some public spaces and the use of certain vehicles and values and norms of noble woman, affected by economic and cultural capital and district of residence, as well as work and transportation. In addition, women react differently to the obstacles and limitations. By resisting the facing challenges in urban spaces, women seek to achieve creative and effective civic activism. In order to realize this objective, institutions such as families and education shall act to change attitudes and gender relations and develop the culture of acceptance of women in public spaces.
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