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This study tries to provide a virtual image of the structure and design of Facenama, Cloob, Facebook and Google+ social networks. The main question in this study is which variable or variables are differ in the structure and design of social networks of Iranian and non-Iranian. Content analysis has been used in this study. Content analysis is a research method to describe the objective, systematic and quantitative manifest content of communication messages used. Overall, this study showed that most of the real images, personal pictures, lots of charm, design web format, fixed format, output format, content, text and images, colors and texture, heat and cold, and emotional attraction for color, many comments, more than 10 Comments, iconic landmarks and layering of different materials used in the structure and design of social networks.

Also, there is a significant correlation between the actual picture type, color, format, content production, layering content and comments with social networks of Iranian and non-Iranian.

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The problem of this study is differtiation degree of democracy. At theoritical level, component of social capital and Inequality of income distribution and unrentier revenue are necessary condition for democracy.The method of this essay is the comparative cross- national. population of this study is 156 countries that have data for comparison, but in each analysis,because of missed data, quantity of cases is different . The method of judging of hypothesis is Fuzzy and used software is spss, Exel and Fs/QCAf. Empical results show in the almost always cases, Interpersonal Trust and unrentier revenue are necessary condition for democracy. Participation in Civil Society and Trustworthines and Inequality in distribution income usually are necessary condition for democracy. Assessment of sufficient conditions for taking place of result show that there are three separate path for democracy. common specification of this pathes is high Participation in Civil Society and unrentier revenue.

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Developmental projects in humanities and social sciences are based on fundamental concepts and their definitions. This paper tries to investigate and scrutinize the definition of “National Identity” among Iranian thinkers and intellectuals. The article studies the works and publishes of seven famous and contemporary thinkers around “national Identity” as the representatives of various majors of humanities and social sciences. The majors which are selected from are Sociology, Political Sciences, History, Persian Literature, Philosophy, and Geopolitics. In conclusion, the paper attains a collection of most accepted definitions of “National Identity”. There are ten more frequent and emphasized items in these definitions. The ten items are a: Homeland, b: Ethnicity and Nationality, c: Culture and rituals, d: Political and governmental system, e: History, f: Economic, g: Language, h: Art & Literature i: Religion and j: globalization.

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Assessment of cultural necessities as a major step toward cultural development planning, equanimity realization and improvement of social relations is taken into account. The method of the current study is surveying in which questionnaires are used for collecting needed information. In this survey, 720 above 15 years old peoples in Kashan are sampled according to the Cochran formula. Superficial credit, detecting factor analysis method and Kronbakh alpha factor are used for validating this survey. According to the measured detecting factor analysis, studied necessities were divided into four groups: cultural-social, scientific-instructional, religious and sportive-artificial. Maximum and minimum values belong to cultural-social necessities with 37.11% average and religious necessities with 15.01% respectively. The rest are in between. Average of cultural-social, scientific-instructional and religious necessities differ with the gender, as women necessities average is more than that of the men. Cultural-social and sportive-artificial necessities averages are different based on habitat, so those who live in villages have more necessities. There is no difference in the other necessities. Although no relation is seen between education and religious and sportive-artificial necessities, education has reverse relation with cultural-social and scientific-instructional necessities. Eventually, artificial-sportive necessities are only increased with increasing the age of people and there is no relation between the age of the people and the rest of the necessities.

Likewise, in prioritization of the studied patterns, family is the first, friends, teachers, instructors, clergy and Islamic characters are the second and the other characters (artificial, sportive, political, actors and foreign sportsman, classmates …) are the third priority according to the respondents’ opinions.

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In recent years, various organizations and companies have begun joining to the process of knowledge. Therefore, the organizations are expected to more rapidly create new knowledge (Knowledge Creation) and try to solve the problems and needs of society with their knowledge in any respect and become much more useful. Takeuchi and Nonaka offered a dynamic model of Knowledge Creation. Accordingly, organizational knowledge creation has been determined with socialization, externalization, compositions and internalization dimensions. "Knowledge Creation" is dependent on various reasons and factors such as social capital. Social capital includes the social participation which can accelerate the reproduction process of knowledge creation, because this is a society that lacks sufficient social capital and other assets are being wasted. Therefore, the issue of social capital as a guiding principle for achieving knowledge creation seems necessary. This study is a cross sectional survey using a stratified random sampling method. Statistical population of study includes the all employees in Power Management in East Azerbaijan from whom we choose 381 as samples of study. Results of this study indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between social capital and knowledge creation. Public participation, institutional trust and interpersonal trust variables have been able to explain 36% of variance in knowledge creation.

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The present paper, from a sociological perspective, aims to study the proverb in novels taking Social Participation as one of the factors of social capital in Bahmanyari's novels. Proverbs as the internal voice of each nation are seen as the reflection of the most hidden agenda of the people's lives as well as a reliable source for the studies on anthropology, sociology and psychology. The research Social Participation in proverbs as a part in the popular culture can make us aware of the amount of the reflection of the Social Participation aspects in traditional societies and have an influential effect on the facilitation of purposeful actions in the today's society.

The investigation of 6016 Proverbs in Bahmanyari's novel book demonstrates that among different factors of social capital, Social Participation is considered as one of the most intensive social and ethical issues in traditional societies. Participation after trust is the second factor that is repeated in the novel and with bilateral indices it is divided into two-way participation, the other side participation, obligatory participation, participation based on the division of work, instrumental participation and counseling participation. The study concludes that among the different types of participation, the other side participation has the highest effect.

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Whenever development in spatial aspect could provide some certain guidelines for convenient and just satisfaction of service needs of residents, it could be a sustainable one. In this study, by recognizing the pattern of development spatial distribution in Khusetan cities, we try to find out whether they are in a sustainable path or not. The study is a practical one and based on a descriptive-analytical method. Our data have been gathered from Statistical Annual of Khusetan in 2011. The results suggest that development spatial distribution in Khusetan cities are not according to the goals and principles of sustainable development. All analyses show that development spatial distribution in the province is so unequal and completely against the spatial justice rendered by sustainable development. Inequality has been occurred in different levels Inequality between Ahvaz (center of province) and surrounding cities, between populous and thinly populated cities of the province, and inequality between northern and southern cities in one side and eastern and western ones in the other side. Besides, the current pattern of development in the province is against the wholistic view and systematic conduct of sustainable development in a way that sectional view of spatial development is so clear and evident.

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 In the first phase of the present article, through reviewing different definitions of the concept of social development, it is tried to identify the different aspects of this concept as well as achieve a comprehensive definition of the concept. In the next step, through identifying and examining multiple Indicators which are presented by various organizations for measuring this concept, we tried to recognize the most comprehensive index of social development which measures more dimensions of this complex concept. In the third phase, considering the selected index, in addition to reporting the current status of social development in Iran, we have compared the ranking status of this country with other countries. According to the obtained results, the present status of social development in Iran, in comparison with other countries of the world and also the 16 countries of the region, is not in so appropriate situation and needs a serious consideration around the reasons of this matter and the way of improving and changing it.

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The main objective of this study is to determine social factors on social health.  This study has been conducted via survey and data collected by questionnaire. Questionnaire including three Sections: Personal information, social support and social health that were evaluated by Keyes social health questionnaire and Phillips social support questionnaire. Among the older people in Babol town, 374 elderly were selected through stratified random sampling

 

Overall, the findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between social support (friends, family and others) and social health. Among the types of social support, family support has the greatest impact on the health of elderly community. There is a significant relationship between age, marital status, gender, and social health. There is a significant difference between education and income.

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Nowadays, with development and growth of various industries and business units, the consequences and effects of their activities on the society and lack of social reporting, creates a gap between economic entities and the society expectations. The current paper explaines the literature related to co rporate social responsibility and its position in business units, and then conceptualizes its social dimension in corporations and identifies the components and indicators of corporate social responsibility disclosures with sustainable development approach and using questionnaire and analyzing the path model in a comprehensive framework (with regarding popular international and local standards). Also, its status and disclosure level of social dimension in corporations has been determined through content analysis of board reports of Iran’s listed companies. The findings indicate that the most important components of social dimensions in the view of stakeholders are “business ethics, corruption and bribery, association in community development”. Also, the most social disclosure about the current status of companies’ reports is “components of work and staffs, customers and consumers”. In sum, level of social dimension disclosure in Iranian companies is low that demonstrate the large gap between the current status and the society expectations. It requires the suitable regulations, obligations and standards in the field of the companies reporting and disclosure to force those to accountable for the stakeholders and the society’s expectations.

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Science and technology has provided in communications new tools for Actors in the International System. Media in the field of psychological warfare are the best and most modern propaganda tool for the realization of the goals of Western Countries. After the Revolution, United State of America due to blocked channels formal diplomatic, has used propaganda tools, in particular against the Islamic Republic of Iran. USA use propaganda against Iran through VOA TV and Radio channels and Radio Farda. Now Voice ofAmericaTV, every day, 5 hours, produces diversified and effective programs witha focus onnews from Iran. Parasite program is the most interesting (according to its practitioners) its programs. This research uses the content analysis method for investigating the program.

The result of this research showed that themes in the program are indivisible in three political, social and economic contexts.  Techniques such create division and conflict division and conflict (6%), Sweeping generalizations (some true), encouragement and Card stacking each with5% where the most using

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Health messages design is a field and subset of health communication area. What is actually followed in this thesis is a review of TV health messages appeals effects from audiences’ point of view. The Important question of research is that how media products and its health related programs through various appeals lead in behavior changes.

In this study, health messages refer to direct or indirect messages which discuss people’s personal and social health. Since health message design is a subset of the broad area of health communication definition of health communication is mentioned at first. Then the main topic of this research has been mentioned. After discussing health message related literature, related communication theories are mentioned and finally the theoretical framework of research is defined as “The Extended Parallel Process Model”.

To measure Tehran’s above15-years old inhabitants’ attitudes toward health messages and TV health related programs, the survey method of research has been chosen and after designing questionnaire, and   distributing among inhabitants of Tehran. The most important result of this research is that TV health messages are not adequate to make behavior changes in personals, and interpersonal communication has a complementary and powerful role in adopting recommended TV health messages.

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This paper studies the elements of western culture in "English Time" language training books, based on Bourdieu's practice and field theory. The focus of this paper is language and language training books that can be considered as a field which transfers the dominant group's culture to language learners and forms their habituses. In this research, we aim at answering the following questions: What kind of cultural elements exist in English Time books? How can the effects of these cultural elements be managed and the negative effects neutralized? To find the answers for these questions, we first studied 4 editions of English Time books as well as their auxiliary training materials (CDs, …) and extracted the elements of western culture that are inconsistent with our national culture. Then we performed 6 deep interviews with the lecturers of English Time books to find their point of views about the western culture elements of these books. We analyzed their comments to find out how can the cultural effects of these books be managed on the language trainees. The solutions include explaining the cultural differences for students during training and also preparing international courses for English training.