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The Internet is a device that enables scholars and scientists to communicate and exchange information with many other academic colleagues and scientific researchers around the world. The main objectives of the present study include determining the extent of the faculty members’ knowledge of internet use and examining the impact of the internet use on the scientific activities of Mazandaran University faculty members.

This study is based on the survey method and a sample drawn from the faculty members of Mazandaran University (Babolsar, Iran) using multi-stage cluster sampling. The results showed that the independent variable of Internet knowledge with β= 0.63 was the most important predictor Internet use of the faculty members, as dependent variable. In addition, the study demonstrated that there were significant correlations between the independent variables of Internet facilities, opportunities, attitudes and academic positions of faculty members and scientific activities    

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The current paper compared the role of teleshopping commercials of two TV channels on buying the advertised products among women of Tehran as the addressees of the commercials. The TV channels studied were Bazaar which was a national and governmental channel, and GEM TV which was a universal and non-governmental channel. This study was carried out in the form of a survey using questionnaires. The population of the sample was calculated to be 400 people. Subjects were chosen using snowball sampling. Collected data using questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS. The analysis showed that buying teleshopping products was not significant. Despite this fact, the possibility of a correlation between individual differences, and stimulating variables and teleshopping exposure, impulse buying urge, and buying was confirmed. On the other hand, despite the the study hypotheses, it was shown that money available did not influence on teleshopping exposure, and impulse buying urge. Moreover, results showed that regarding buying the advertised products and attitudes to teleshopping, there was no significant difference between Bazaar TV and GEM TV.

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The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the compliance status of the cultural identityof the members of the social network Face book case study of Tehran University's undergraduate student majors. This paper reviews the status of student commitment to social network facebook, the facebook components and indicators of cultural identity. This paper is exploratory and the results of a survey. The subjects of this study are students of Tehran University undergraduate courses. The data collection techniques used questionnaire and structuralism theories of Anthony Giddens and Stuart Hall's Representation. The findings suggest that membership and participation in the community of single women aged 20 to 22 years compared with men in Face Book more. Sense of belonging to the Persian language، Friendship is based on values ​​and norms, Choose dress and makeup according to the values ​​and norms، respect to different cultures and nationalities Notes and Comments on Face book Students will adhere to the cultural identity of anecdote on Face book On the other hand, students who disagreements with their religious norms - National and tend to less their use of religious symbols and sayings، Interest in learning Linguistic terms Common on Face book suggest a Cultural identity is a lack of to adhere to students. Cultural identity indicates that the content of the benchmark to evaluate students on Face book, change, comparison, and selection is located.

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This paper investigates and identifies the characteristics of the study in the development of the local press in Kashan.  It seems that development indexes have the most influential role in developing local press through the section of natural resources. The main assumption is that how much the development of indicators impact on the local press and has provided conditions for the trust in economic support and on the political and social support.

Using the two descriptive and inferential methods and through statistical analysis of the research questions the rejection or approval of hypotheses are discussed result of the study showed that the most important challenge for local press refers to the issue of human resources management issues that it is possible to categorize them as follow: 1. Developing human resources 2. Paying attention to issues and social subjects of the geographical regions that can insure press against having audience and therefore, to result in increasing the level of increasing economy. 3. Corporate bonds that are indexes in which can insure local press against lack of development and environmental problems, even domestic problems.

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Shrines are formed affecting by human culture and thoughts in every region. A range of various patterns from human, plant and animal to geometric, arabesque, etc. engraved on shrines. The study is going to investigate anthropologically the plant patterns of the shrines of Mirza Kouchak's Tomb of Soleymandarab of Rasht. By changing shrines over time, some parts of folk culture transformed and sometimes even abolished. Hence, the present study is needed to examine the issue. The data collected by depth anthropology and direct participatory observation in the field of study. 2064 photographs have taken as sample from the shrines. The study was conducted by Functionalism framework of Malinowski and the data examined by a descriptive- analytical analysis. The results showed that the plant patterns of the shrines are profoundly affected by Iranian and native culture of Rasht. Some patterns such as stems of wheat and rice derived from popular beliefs and folk thoughts.  

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This paper has attempted to examine the difference between generations in term of family values in rural areas. In this study, the method of research is Analytical and comparative. The bulk of the data has collected based on field studies of the area. Statistical population of 1154 household sample survey with 219 households as of the Cochrane systematic random sampling method selected. Results show that there are significant differences between different generations within the family values. The differences in the dimensions of relationship between boy and girl, criterion of selecting spouse, features of a good man for marriage, living of two generations together and suitable age of girls to marry have been approved. But among local- spatial factors and rate of intergenerational differences in the term of family values in studied rural, no significant correlation has been observed.

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The main objective of the present study is to investigate the factors affecting on high school students' cultural deviance in Fereydunkenar City.

The method employed in the present study is a cross-sectional survey research and for collecting the data, a researcher-made questionnaire is used. The population of the research consists of high school students of Fereydunkenar City. The sample size was evaluated to be equal as 300 participants using Cochran formula and the sampling was conducted using multi-stage cluster sampling. The findings of the research indicate that using satellites and using the Internet have positive and significant correlation with cultural deviance. However, the correlation of the variables of bonding with family and bonding with religion is negative and significant. The results of standard coefficients in structural equations indicate that the variables of using satellites with 0.43, using the Internet with 0.26, bonding with family with -0.26 and bonding with religion with -0.23 respectively have the most effects on the variable of cultural deviance. In addition, the independent variables of the research explain about 44 percents of the variations of cultural deviance

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The present paper aims to study the structure and function of Saghanefars in Mazandaran, according bibliographical studies, archaeological surveys and ethnographical data. Saghanefar is a two storey wooden structure that is mostly built in central parts of Mazandaran, after Abolfazl name. The authors study 6 available Saghanefarin Fereidunkenar that date to Qajar and 1st Pahlavi dynasty. The results indicate symbolic expressions in Saghanefar’s structure and decoration. Socially, its users are juveniles raised form of the structure is symbolically relevant to the age of the users whereas it is endowed to Abolfazl as the rightful owner. National and religious designs indicate the effects of shiit’s emotions and Iranian epical aspects in Saghanefars structures. The motifs are symbols of social life, subsistence economics, ritual approaches, and national identity of local people. Artists aimed to transfer national and religious messages symbolically to people, by putting the motifs together skillfully. T shows cultural integration and religious attitude of local people

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This paper is based on path analysis of effective factors in media socialization, based on the five models in theory of V. Schramm. The population is audiences of media’s message of 18-years old and up in city of Zanjan, 227,790 people. Sample is368 people, based on method multi-stage cluster sampling& quota. Findings based on the Pearson correlation coefficient indicates that process of media socialization in cyberspace, especially in the area of advertisements internet & satellite networks, the was male audiences also high motivation follow & also are high attitude of advertisements. Meanwhile, there are not significant differences between male & female audiences of media persuasion, economical value, selection of adverts advertising. In the case of multiple regression & path analysis of factors Affecting audiences media socialization, for goodness of fit of the theoretical model, based on value of beta 64% of change in audiences media socialization, depends with increasing of media persuasion, increasing of motivation follow, depreciation of economical value, increasing of adverts selection & increasing of attitude of advertisements, between the female audiences in city of Zanjan living in Housing Impersonal, With High-Volume Sampling of Households.

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Streets name is not merely a tool for finding directions and have different social and political implications. Public place naming is important from a theoretical and practical point of view and given the importance, in this paper we study the street names of Rash a city in northern Iran. The process of street naming in terms of organizational functions and statistical distribution of street names according to the defined categories are focus of this paper. After a review of related theories and researches, all names of urban routes in the city of Rasht were extracted according to the latest edition of the city map. The names were placed in defined categories. The most important finding of this study is that main streets are more affected by Islamic Revolution than secondary streets and alley. There are also some differences in terms of socio-economic status of municipality regions and street names in Rasht.

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The present paper investigates the difference kind of cultural consumption among metropolitan, urban, and rural communities. Using the statistical data of a national survey, authors compare the cultural taste of people who live in the villages, cities, and metropolitans. In this regard, we consider the kind of cultural consumption in society with structural approaches and individualizing reasoning in order to get the results.

The study is based on consistency approach belongs to Piere Bourdieu, since that his theory due to stress on socializing special groups in lifetime and the effect of environment and family origin on people’s taste selections can explain the difference of cultural consumption pattern in above- mentioned three.

With regard to the findings and achieving to definite patterns, it cannot be said that cultural life style has been individualized in Iran society since that by individualization of a behavior in a scope, finding the pattern in that scope becomes difficult. Also the differences show that our society is not a mass one with a same culture. So Ulrich Beck theory and Frankfurt school view are not confirmed referring to the findings of this research. And According to Piere Bourdieu theory the life style, in our society, is still affected by society structures. 

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One concern of all governments and nations is to preserve national identity. Cultural and historical heritage Survival and stepping into the path of comprehensive development depends on building social harmony and integration. Strong sense of national identity enables the achievement of these goals. In this regard, the capacity of the family at strengthening national identity is considered. In this context, for the field research, students of Amouzegari University, Dushanbe, Tajikistan were selected (a similar study can be effective to assess other sociability resources, including cultural institutions, religious institutions, policies institutions etc. that demands other researchers’ efforts). Upcoming research used questionnaires of 373 out of 9000 students from the University (using Cochran's formula) randomly selected, and data were collected by the researcher. Then, using SPSS software, data were analyzed. At the end, results presented with offers.

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Rural development should be compatible with environmental conditions, social and cultural aspects of a society. Rural development is a step towards self-sufficiency to improve the rural community. Therefore it is necessary to pay attention to the domestic context. This paper is a fundamental study and library in order to introduce indigenous knowledge into a relevant context for rural development and localization and in this regard to consider indigenous knowledge and its characteristics such as holistic, cumulative, dynamic and intertwined with the culture of a nation and its practical application. Not only rural development adapt with local conditions, but also a community can achieve inner development. Villagers in the shadows of offering their knowledge and experiences can benefit from the comprehensive development. Besides it leading to empowerment of rural people rather than mere reliance on, they feel safe, effective, to be effective, worthwhile and having a choice is created.

 

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The present research seeks to study the impact of media consumption (local and satellite televisions) on the social trust. The population of the study is all of the enrolled students of Mazandaran University which 400 students through proportionate stratified sampling method have been selected as sample of the study. The required data has been gathered by self administered questionnaire and data were analyzed via SPSS software. Research findings indicate that while there is no significant relationship between watching local TV and social trust, watching satellite TV is related to social trust, negatively. Moreover, some variables such as the participation in voluntary associations, reciprocity norms, positive attitude toward law administration, and justice feeling all were positively related to social trust. In addition, the results of multiple regression analysis indicate that after the variable of justice feeling which has the most significant impact on the social trust, the variable of reciprocity norms is placed in the next ranking.

 

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The family as a social institution has experienced dramatic changes during recent decades. These changes had influential effects on the situation of the members, especially children, within the family. Using the data from the “Time Use Survey”, conducted in urban areas in 2008 and2009, this paper aims to analyze the effect of the mother's employment on the achievement of human capital by children aged 15-19 years. Findings showed that children of employed mothers spend more time in human capital achievement activates than the others. This is in consistent withpreviousstudies. It reflects the fact that the income generated from the employment is invested in children'shuman capital.Further analysesclarified thatthe effect of the mother's employment ties with the effect of her level of education. Most employed motherswere highly educated as well. The combination of the employment and the education showed to have stronger effect on the human capital achievement. The positive effects of the mother's occupational rank, and hours spent on paid-work also revealed the positive effect of income on children's human capital achievement.

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During transition from a familiar environment to a strange environment, people would encounter with different challenges in an intercultural environment. They would realize the behavior patterns, attitudes and cultural values ​​which are acceptable in their own familiar environment, may not be accepted in other environments. In order to reduce the uncertainty caused by cultural differences, individuals should be aware of cultural diversity and should reinforce the ability to communicate with people from different cultures in their boost. These types of behaviors emanate from people’s cultural intelligence and can be an indicator for the ability to adapt to a new cultural environment.

The purpose of this study is to consider the role of cultural intelligence in cross-cultural adjustment and job performance in organizations. After reviewing the theoretical literature, the conceptual model is developed. Data is collected through questionnaires and based on the results of the data analysis, cultural intelligence, culture shock and cultural adjustment are presented as factors affecting performance in organizations. Finally, based on considering aspects of each concept, practical suggestions for improving performance in organizations are presented.

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Thisstudy investigatesthe impact ofthe Internet onMulticulturalIdentityamongUniversity Students. The main objectiveof thisresearch istheoretical and empiricalstudy ofthe relationship between theInternet andMulticulturalIdentity.In order toachieve this objective, Stuart Hall's theory about Media Communication andMulticulturalIdentityand Manuel Castells' theory about the Internet andNetworkSociety, are studied as Theoretical Framework of Research.The populationstudiedincludes the studentsof Kashan State University and Kashan Medical Sciences Universityin 2013-14 school year (Equivalent to 9540people), that amongthis population, using Cochran's formula, 380people are selected, as theSampleSize. The results of hypotheses tests of this study suggest that there is meaningful and directcorrelations between the variable of Multicultural Identity and the variables of Duration andextent of use ofthe Internet, Proficient inthe use ofinternet, The UseofInternet Scientific Sites,The Use ofInternetArtSites, Shopping Internet Cultural Goods and The Use ofVirtualSocial Networks. Also, the results of theRegression Analysis, shows direct impact of the variables of Social Virtual Networks, The Use ofInternetArtSites and Duration andextent of use ofthe Internet onthe variable of Multicultural Identity.

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Thisstudy investigatesthe impact ofthe Internet onMulticulturalIdentityamongUniversity Students. The main objectiveof thisresearch istheoretical and empiricalstudy ofthe relationship between theInternet andMulticulturalIdentity.In order toachieve this objective, Stuart Hall's theory about Media Communication andMulticulturalIdentityand Manuel Castells' theory about the Internet andNetworkSociety, are studied as Theoretical Framework of Research.The populationstudiedincludes the studentsof Kashan State University and Kashan Medical Sciences Universityin 2013-14 school year (Equivalent to 9540people), that amongthis population, using Cochran's formula, 380people are selected, as theSampleSize. The results of hypotheses tests of this study suggest that there is meaningful and directcorrelations between the variable of Multicultural Identity and the variables of Duration andextent of use ofthe Internet, Proficient inthe use ofinternet, The UseofInternet Scientific Sites,The Use ofInternetArtSites, Shopping Internet Cultural Goods and The Use ofVirtualSocial Networks. Also, the results of theRegression Analysis, shows direct impact of the variables of Social Virtual Networks, The Use ofInternetArtSites and Duration andextent of use ofthe Internet onthe variable of Multicultural Identity.

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This paper has assessed socio - cultural impacts of urban park by regarding public spaces theory. Results of study  in Sharif and Roshd park users in 22 region, show that users viewpoints is in contract with the defined goals, functions and the outcomes for public spaces.

Unhappiness from “presence of others” - whit characteristics such as low Socio-economic status, different living place, younger and Abnormal social behaviors and …. - Shows that the social processes changes to social relationship conflicts instead of increasing social capital and solidarity. This paper is based on results of two social impact assessment studies in 22 regions. Data have been gathered by qualitative method upon deep interviews.

Results of theoretical analysis based on Pierre Bourdieu's theory of "distinction” explains that these issues are inevitable in Modern society, but socio – cultural impacts assessments researchers should be aware conflict accumulation may change these “distinction Stress” to social conflict and social resistance. Thereby it is necessary to explain contents of conflicts in park's sphere, determine the role of park in strengthening those conflicts and subjection socio- cultural framework for reduce them