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Abstract

The main objective of this paper is to identify and evaluate women’s status in cultural policies and planning of the first to fifth development plan of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Two other objectives of the study are as follows: to evaluate the success of cultural plans and policies in development plans and to recognize the pattern of cultural policy and planning of the Islamic Republic about women.

The method of study is descriptive analytical method and data collection method is library-based. The unit of analysis is the first to fifth development plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran between 1989 and 2015. Data for this study were collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary sources include official government reports, especially the reports of the Management and Planning Organization, the Statistical Centre of Iran, Center for Women’s Participation, Plan and Budget Organization, the laws of development plans of the Islamic Republic and staff policies of the Cultural Revolution; and secondary sources include books and magazines.

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Aims: This study was conducted to Comparison of the effects of competitive and non-competitive physical activity on the social development of 7 to 9 and 10 to 12 year old students.

Methods: Semi-experimental pretest-posttest design with two competitive and non-competitive physical activity random groups used for the present study. The participants were 200 elementary school male students in Khalilabad during the year 2016. participants of two schools assigned randomly to competitive physical activity group and the students in the other two schools were assigned to the non-competitive physical activity group. Winelend Social Growth Scale was given to the participants as pre-test. The treatment was totally 12 weeks and two sessions per week. At the end of the experiment post-test was conducted.

Findings: The results of Multivariate covariance analysis showed the meaningful impact of competitive- noncompetitive activities interaction with age category (P = 0/005  and f _(1,199) =7/89).

Conclusion: The competitive and non-competitive activities have different effects on students' social growth of 9-7 and 12-10 years old. As a result it can be used as a positive interventions to improve social development of the students.

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In this study, using the Network Analysis, the topic of Development and Underdevelopment in Iran, has been studied, with Historical-Experimental Approach and using Secondary Analysis of Empirical Findings. This study is based on analysis of some National Surveys, particular, a National Survey on Iranians Cultural Behaviors and two National Surveys on Iranians Values ​​and Attitudes, which have been conducted, respectively, in the years 1999, 2000 and 2003. Overall, our findings suggest that there are relationships between variables of Social Capital, Social Development. Our assumption in this study was that Lack of Social Capital has led to Lack of Social Development, and this phenomenon, in turn, can play an important role in Underdevelopment of Society. These findings suggest that in terms of some important elements of Social Development, such as Trust in Social Groups, Social Participation, Commitment to the Social Values ​​and Norms, Belonging to National Identity and Culture in Iranian Society, the situation is not desirable. In our opinion, the lack of Social Development would lead to Underdevelopment of Society. Consequently, if we want to achieve the goal of Comprehensive Development of Society, we should provide required backgrounds to increase the levels of Social Capital, and consequently, Social Development.

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present study was done to measurement the level of rural development in Bushehr province Is an applied research that has been done using methods Multi Attribute Decision Making. Research Methodology descriptive and analytical and the data gathering method documents and collect the purposes of the research data and information on population and housing census statistics tables and forms common(especially Statistical Yearbook 2011 Bushehr province).The study population was rural regions of the province to assess the level of their development, 48 elements in the form of 5 index (infrastructure, Educational, Political-administrative, Healthcare and communicational) official statistics extracted from Bushehr Province and was evaluated using fuzzy TOPSIS technique. The findings of research analysis outlining a regional space in Bushehr Province unequal and unfair allocation of resources and rural services, showed that overall indicators, the city of Bushehr, Kangan has the highest rate of development and the city of Jam and have had late lowest rural development. In the end, to resolve the imbalance in Bushehr and social justice in rural areas of the city, was to provide practical suggestions and determined development priorities with county separation.

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The governance is an approach that it is for participation of village people and making decision of them about plans and administrative and developmental planning for village people. If the presented experimental research and theories is a compound of rule, social capital is very important. On the other hand, social capital is a useful field of achieving a management and rule in order to unify and secured social life. The aim of this study is the investigating into the effects of social capital in rural governance (Ardabil villagers). The performance method of this study was descriptive- survey and the required information were collected by library and field (questionnaire method). Statistical society of this study were residents above 15 years old of Ardabil villages that they were 123264 people and there has been used from Cochran formulate for measuring the volume of statistical sample and sample volume were selected 383 people. There has been analyzed data by using SPSS software. The results showed that although there is a significant relationship between various dimensions of social capital in village governance, but there are multiple regressions.

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This study aimed to assess the impact of agricultural development projects on social isolation. Issues and concerns of the researchers in this study, according perpetrators of development projects on the economy of the local community in particular and the national economy, economic self-sufficiency in agricultural production and optimize the use of water in general and forgetting social and cultural impact of the project, In which called the impact on the local community. Research methodology is based on qualitative approach, strategy of induction and grounded theory made by using techniques of in-depth interviews, participant observation, focus group discussions and researcher five-year lived experience. The sample of research was choice by targeted sampling, to determine the theoretical saturation. Data analysis has been done as well as thematic analysis and the three-step data encoding method. The findings suggest a series of conditions and factors driving strengthen the bond of community with broader communities including urban and rural, and therefore the local community based on the conditions and driving factors removed from social isolation. These findings have been associated with the concepts of Dauers dilemma consolidated view and a confirmation emphasis on its content.

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In today's world, sports in terms of championship and professionalism needs new ethics. Thus, in the present applied research, the development of ethical values ​​in the Iranian championship sports was designed and analyzed using the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). A sample of 150 elites and experts in the field of ethics and sports was chosen. For validity of the questionnaire, the formal and content validity method was applied and the reliability of the questionnaire was determined through Cronbach's alpha. Given the qualitative status of ethical values, the application of the fuzzy method is closer to reality than other methods. In this way, the degree and quantitative amount of moral values ​​were calculated through the software MATLAB. The inputs of the model included discourse and consequentialist ethics. Given the high correlation between network inputs and outputs as well as the error rate, the ANFIS model is an optimal model for developing and predicting the virtue ethics values, with its best mode when the the consequentialist ethics values are low.

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 Evaluation of Application of Institutional Anomie Theory in Iran
This research studies the consequences of changes in the mechanisms of society and especially social institutions that have been affected by the trends of social change such as modernization, industrialization, urbanization, bureaucratization and etcetra in Iran. One of these consequences that was investigated in this article is the institutional anomie. In this research, institutional anomie in Iran have been analized with a historical approach and using of secondary analysis of data, mainly secondary historical documents and researches on development programs and social pathology as well as some national surveys in Iran, and comparison with concepts of institutional anomie theory and has been shown its incorporate. The results indicate the growth of individualism, materialism, the erosion of social capital, the domination of the institutions of politics and economics on the institutional balance of power and the institutional imbalance in Iran.

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The aim of this study was to investigate upgrading rural to urban areas and its effects on social development indicators the Sistan Region. A causal-comparative research method was used for this purpose. Research instrument was a pre- structured questionnaire. The research population consisted of 2,851 households from different districts of Sistan Region which a sample of 333 heads of households obtained through stratified random sampling technique. The validity of the questionnaire was verified using face validity procedure and its reliability was also calculated between 0.81 and 0.91 using Chronbach's Alpha Internal Consistency Coefficient. Moreover, some analysis techniques such as paired t- test, independent t- test and covariance were used to analyze data. The results showed that social development indicators have declined during the last five years in both rural and urban areas. Furthermore, there was no positive and significant relationship between upgrading rural to urban areas in one hand and promoting social development indicators in the other hand.

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The present study seeks to investigate the role of cultural-historical attractions of rural destinations in the development of cultural tourism in the rural areas. This is an applied research conducted in a descriptive-analytical method. Based on studies on two cities of Mashhad and Binalud, 14 rural areas with­ historical and cultural attractions were selected as the sample. Using Cochran's formula, the volume of tourists and the host community was determined 196 and 222 respectively. The scope of analysis in this study was "households". The data acquired from questionnaires were analyzed using the statistical analysis methods. The findings show that in these villages, attractions, facilities, services and cultural factors higher than the moderate level, can totally have a positive effect on socio-cultural, cultural-environmental development and development of cultural tourism in general. Besides, in ARAS model for socio-cultural dimension of cultural tourism, the village of Miami was on the top, and the village of Chahak was in the last place. Also according to the research findings, despite many problems in the study area, taking care of the facilities and rural infrastructure of the villages with tourist attractions and relevant advertisements in Mashhad ­can make way for growth of cultural tourism

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some rural-urban migrations, especially in countries and regions with strong kinship, tribal, community and ethnic relationships, have led to the creation of ethnic businesses within which entrepreneurial and business elites emerge. In some cases, the financial resources of these people return to their native villages and lead to rural development. Therefore, this research seeks to find the strategies that these migrant entrepreneurs use for rural development. This research is a qualitative study based on the principles of grounded theory. The results indicate that emigrant elites have developed strategies such as the formation of developmental and support institutions, the formation of collective business networks, mutual support, and people’s participation. These strategies have led to the investment in birthplace, developmental measures, and interest in improving youth employment and have affected the development of studied villages. The results also showed that the spirit of demanding progress and the need for success, modeling early pioneer immigrants, attachment to birthplace, the pursuit of ethnic businesses, positive view towards the village, the measures of early migrants, etc. have been important in the creation of immigrant elites and entrepreneurs. 

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the social phenomenon of bullying among faculty members. In this way, various aspects of these issues were tried and presented with respect to the context of the institution of university in Iran. The present study was conducted within the framework of the qualitative approach and using the fundamental theory research method (with a Strauss and Corbin system look). For data collection, informative media, in-depth interviews and informal interviews were used. Selection of information media of the research was done purposefully and using sampling strategies with maximum variation and theoretical sampling. The research media included 32 faculty members  of comprehensive universities in Tehran. Data analysis was performed in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding.. According to the findings, the phenomenon of bullying in faculty members' relations in Iran's higher education has verbal, physical, or psychological and social dimensions(Phenomena). This phenomenon has arisen due to organizational and individual circumstances(Causal Conditions) and resulted in reactions such as avoidance, conflict, acceptance(Strategy). These reactions have been affected by the responses of the authorities, the persistence and common beliefs (intervening conditions), structure and academic culture (context), resulting in occupational, personal, social and economic vulnerability(Consequences)
 

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Today, justice and its place are considered as a vital component in social development by theorists. After the revolution In Iran, Positive law is like a support by which we can realize "justice" in different affairs of society. Therefore, in this study, we considered the place of justice in social development with emphasis on Positive law. The main question is where the real place of justice is meaning to give right to the owner in cultural- social development. With the analytic- descriptive method, the study is aimed at considering the place of justice in cultural- social development of human societies, especially Iran by relying on positive law. We considered that not only justice has effect on cultural- social development, but the development is also possible only in this way. On the other hand, regarding that the most important issue considered in Islamic revolution was to perform justice, presenting critic and scientific Viewpoint on the subject is the most effective step toward realizing justice and its effects on development.
 

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Abstract

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Social development is one of the most pervasive aspects of development. This article has addressed the analysis of barriers to social development in Iran regarding governmental universities faculty members' viewpoints. data collection was done via reviews and survey. The research sample consisted of 131 faculty members selected through purposeful sampling whose view toward social development barriers was questioned. As the first step open reviews were used to identify the main components and then in the second one. The data was collected through structured questionnaire. Face validity and Cronbach coefficient alpha were used to assess the validity and reliability of the assessment tools. The result indicated that the economic, political, cultural, and social barriers had been recognized as the most important ones to social development, respectively. For instance; corruption network, governmental economy, and lack of meritocracy have been considered as the most important barriers to the country social development, respectively. It was concluded that economic and political barriers have been introduced as the most important deterring factors to social development.

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The aim of this article is to formulate principles and criteria that help us in justice-based evaluation of urban development plansand modification of them to achive urban justice. this research is based on the research review methodology, as well as content analysis of urban development plans of the US and the UK. in this article, to proposed six general criteria for formulating the conceptual framework, use the philosophical perspective on the definition of justice as well as use of justice approaches in urban planning. these six criteria are: need, defferende principle, equality, diversity, discourse community and urban capability. The proposed criteria conform to substantive and procedural justice in urban development plans. In this article evaluation of justice i the content of urban develioment plans has been considered. Based on these criteria, main goals are defined within five significant fields in urban development plans: land use, housing, public utilities, transportation, economic and public services. Finally, we suggest, based on review and analysis of content of different development plans, strategies and policies to consider and ensure justice in urban development plans.

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Urban development plans are provided with a surface attitude to the economic, social, and physical dimensions of cities in Iran.. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ecology of urban development projects in Iran. This is a case study of urban constructs with a social approach and phenomenology. The research questions are follows as: 1. What are the implications of the existing rationality for urban development projects and people living in Iranian cities? 2. What are the proper methods for preparing for implementation of urban development projects in Iran, considering the philosophical basis of thinking in Iranian society? The hypothesis is not focused on the nature of towns and cities, the plans to guide them, or not. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the information gathering is done by documentary and field questionnaire in the sample of Likert spectrum. Which is analyzed using software (SPSS). The results of the research show that the system of rationality governing the preparation for implementation of urban development plans is less suited to the existing system of rationality in Iranian society

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between sustainable tourism development and improvement of social welfare indices based on structural equation analysis. Based on the new theoretical approaches, some hypotheses have been developed that this research is descriptive and correlational. The population of the study consisted of all the inhabitants of the villages of Koohrang city with 5 persons. Researcher-made questionnaires (using existing theoretical background) on tourism development, social welfare were used as research tools. Statistical analysis was performed based on structural equation using Spss and Amos software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between tourism development and social, economic, legal, educational, demographic and social dimensions of social welfare. Also the regression values of the structural model indicate that the variable of rural tourism development among the social welfare dimensions has the most effect on the social dimension (ß=0.42) and then on the demographic dimension (ß=0.40) and economic dimension (ß=0.34) respectively.  legal dimension (V=0.28), biological dimension (ß=0.27) and least impact on educational welfare dimension (ß=0.24).
 

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The research was conducted with purpose study of Barriers to promoting the managerial position of women in education in Mazandaran province. This research in terms of purpose is applied and in terms of data collection method is descriptive. Statistical population includes all women (teacher, assistant, manager and education expert) employed in Mazandaran province education, 12000 people, finally, 350 people participated in the study. One-stage cluster sampling was used. After studying the theoretical foundations and scientific texts a researcher-made questionnaire was developed and its validity and reliability were confirmed by experts. After studying the theoretical foundations, a researcher-made questionnaire was developed and its validity and reliability were confirmed by experts. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that social and cultural barriers with 18.47%, psychological barriers with 10%, family barriers with 9.32%, organizational barriers with 9.20% and managerial barriers with 6.78%, respectively. The 5 main reasons for the lack of managerial promotion of cultural women are. Also, in terms of cultural women, "childcare and education" had the highest average with 3.83% and "low creativity in women" with 1.96%.