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Rural development should be compatible with environmental conditions, social and cultural aspects of a society. Rural development is a step towards self-sufficiency to improve the rural community. Therefore it is necessary to pay attention to the domestic context. This paper is a fundamental study and library in order to introduce indigenous knowledge into a relevant context for rural development and localization and in this regard to consider indigenous knowledge and its characteristics such as holistic, cumulative, dynamic and intertwined with the culture of a nation and its practical application. Not only rural development adapt with local conditions, but also a community can achieve inner development. Villagers in the shadows of offering their knowledge and experiences can benefit from the comprehensive development. Besides it leading to empowerment of rural people rather than mere reliance on, they feel safe, effective, to be effective, worthwhile and having a choice is created.

 

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Street labor children have been a new emerging phenomenon as well as a main concern about modern society. Due to the vulnerability of these children, and inability of governments to tackle their mounting problems, an increasing involvement of NGOs in helping these children have recently emerged. Having believed that the best way to deal with the issue of street children is to empower them so that they can live normally, this paper aims to study the role of NGOs in the empowerment of street labor children in Tehran through using a field research method. For this purpose, three dimensions of empowerment, including education, living skills and health were chosen for the study. It was assumed that NGOs initiatives affect the difficult states of the children positively through following both NGOs initiatives and the children socio-economic background. Findings indicated that most of the respondents believed that NGOs activities have had considerable effect on changing wretched conditions of the children. Moreover, the analysis of the data showed that NGOs initiatives are significantly associated with the empowerment of the children. The paper concludes that to enhance the state of the children, the active involvement of NGOs is necessary. Otherwise, they are rarely able to develop themselves, though this involvement should be based on a comprehensive approach. That is, any successful policy or initiative not only should focus on the street children as a very target group, but also on family as a major basis for the children misery and delinquency.

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The success of developmental interventions due to its complex and multidimensional nature and reaction of the people against its effects, in most cases require to pay attention about social background of that actions. Social impact assessment (SIA) can be called the management of developmental plans impacts to sustainability especially in the social dimensions and its purpose is a level of development that minimize the cost and maximize the benefits of planned interventions on human societies. Public participation has crucial role in SIA and show under what conditions people are ready to co-operation with developmental plans. So assessment requires to understanding of the views of people that affected by the developmental interventions and socioeconomic and political context of this interventions. This research meanwhile investigating the philosophy and theoretical foundations of SIA, has analyzed its role in development of social partnership and empowerment of people, using knowledge and information of all actors, dialogue, negotiation and transparency in project management and conflict management between stakeholders. The results show that this participatory approach try to create good interaction between the social system actors and increase their power to influence on the local and national relations in developmental programs that result of such area, is human and more sustainable development in society.

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The present study aimed to investigate the effective sociocultural factors on social participations of Bandar Abbas citizens. The population of the study consisted of all citizens of Bandar Abbas city who were 18 years old or older the total population included 400 people, who were interviewed by multi-level cluster sampling. The independent variables of the research included social trust, sense of social belonging, social responsibility, sense of powerlessness and individual factors social participation was considered as the dependent variable of the research and was assessed both objectively and subjectively. Finally, the results of the study revealed that there was a significant correlation between social trust, sense of social belonging, social responsibility, sense of powerlessness, age, education, job status and income, and social participation of Bandar Abbas citizens, with the significance level at 99% whereas, variables such as gender, marital status and being indigenous had no correlation with citizens' social participation. Besides, the respondents were objectively so ready for social participation, but subjectively, they showed a lower participation level. Therefore, generally, citizens of Bandar Abbas appeared to have a low level of social participation.

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 Evaluation of Application of Institutional Anomie Theory in Iran
This research studies the consequences of changes in the mechanisms of society and especially social institutions that have been affected by the trends of social change such as modernization, industrialization, urbanization, bureaucratization and etcetra in Iran. One of these consequences that was investigated in this article is the institutional anomie. In this research, institutional anomie in Iran have been analized with a historical approach and using of secondary analysis of data, mainly secondary historical documents and researches on development programs and social pathology as well as some national surveys in Iran, and comparison with concepts of institutional anomie theory and has been shown its incorporate. The results indicate the growth of individualism, materialism, the erosion of social capital, the domination of the institutions of politics and economics on the institutional balance of power and the institutional imbalance in Iran.

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Jokes, in addition to the obvious work that is the joy and instillation of happiness in the community, have hidden functions and influences in everyday life, whose scholarly study helps in understanding social issues. What is the content of jokes exchanged in cyberspace? What does the content of jokes refer to on social and power issues? The method of this study is content analysis and the statistical society is a humorous text with the joke in the social network of telegrams with emphasis on the common jokes of the year 96. The sample size of this research was more than 600 joke randomly selected and analysis of data in terms of categorization of categories. In the study of social issues, six categories were distinguished: cultural, linguistic disparity, mobile and Internet, religious, political, and economic. In the content of jokes, power issues were extracted into categories such as gender, ethnicity, occupation, age and family. The results of this study show that jokes are presented as an alternative to the majority of society to showcase political, social and cultural critique and criticism. In fact, jokes go beyond formal media due to flaws in taboos and lack of limits

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Purpose of the present study is empowerment of schools with emphasis on social care system of students to present a model. The research method was mixed (qualitative - quantitative), in qualitative part grounded theory was used and descriptive-survey method was used in quantitative part. participants in the qualitative section included all those responsible the plan, specialists and experts in educational sciences, Sociology Psychology, Social Sciences and in quantitative part included all of the teachers in Area One of Sari and Neka provinces to count of 4171. Sampling method in qualitative part was Purposeful sampling and in quantitative art was Stratified random that 386 were selected as the sample population for study.The data collection tool in qualitative section was a semi-structured interview and in quantitative section was a researcher-made questionnaire derived from interviews. Data analysis was performed in qualitative part using coding and in quantitative part of structural modeling in PLS software. The results showed that the school empowerment model with emphasized social care system including the central component of the development of social care system management(Emotional, cognitive and behavioral),affective factors (internal factors and processes), contextual factors(processes and infrastructure),interventions(decreasing and incremental), strategies. (Predictive and Executable) and Consequences (External, Inter-System, Individual).

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Every human being is as a capacity that its actuality cannot be realized except through individual empowerment. One of the main methods of individual empowerment is poverty reduction, which is influenced by various institutions such as the mass media. Among the mass media, the special features of television have extended the capacity of the media to some extent that proposed it as a factor in human development. The main purpose of this study is to answer the main question of how to use the TV channel to achieve human development goals. This qualitative research has been done conducted using Grounded Theory method. Data collection was obtained through documentary research and in-depth semi-structured interviews with thirteen experts of communications, development and media field. The findings show four key functions in this field for television. The first function is to provide a framework that provides the opportunity for individual empowerment. The second function is to provide the causal conditions of individual empowerment. Providing mediating factors is the third function that is done. The fourth function was identified as the use of change strategy. Based on the results, this media influences the human development of society through the process of individual empowerment.

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Power structure in family plays important role in formation of favorable relationships between family members and can guide the process of dialogue. The present study intends to explore power structure by emphasizing how dialogue is formed in the context of Yazdi families. Based on the type of research question, qualitative methodology and considering the process of the problem, grounded theory method was used. Using theoretical sampling, 31 couples from normal families in Yazd were selected and interviewed in depth.The collected data were analyzed using open, axial and selective coding. In open coding stage, the analyzed data were presented in 60 secondary categories, 25 main categories and core category entitled "Crystallization of complicit Patriarchy in Family dialogues". In axial coding stage, the research paradigm model and in selective coding stage, the theoretical scheme of the research was presented. Explaining the results shows that power structure in family, although still applied in the gendered public space, but have been some changes. These changes are often accompanied by a shift from hegemonic patriarchy to complicit patriarchy and dialogue in this context is accompanied by compromise or initial  transition from complicit patriarchy.

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